Heitor Villa-Lobos Karita Mattila: Aria from Bachianas Brasileiras no. 5

Brazil: A world within Miguel López 2015 América Latina

Brazil

Portugal - Spain

Treaties Treaty of Alcáçovas 1479 Portugal: Azores, Madeira, Cape Verde Castilla: Canary Islands 1481 Portugal: South Canary Islands  Africa Inter caetera 1493Pope Alexander VI Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 World: Western part exclusive to Spain and the east part to Portugal. Treaty of Zaragoza 1529Asia

Treaty of Tordesillas

Portugal- Vasco da Gama

Pedro Álvares Cabral

Pedro Álvares Cabral

King Manuel I of Portugal. An expedition to India. 13 ships left on March 9, 1500, following the route of Vasco da Gama. On April 22, 1500, he sighted land (Brazil), claiming it for Portugal and naming it the "Island of the True Cross.“ Brazil (pau brasil) Cabral stayed in Brazil for 10 days and then continued on his way to India

Portuguese Empire

Pau Brasil (Brazilwood)

Slavery

SUGAR CANE Portuguese cultivate sugar on the east coast of Brazil. Growing number of sugar plantations demanded more workers. Amerindian population had become smaller. Labor shortage  import slaves from Africa into Brazil to work on the plantations.

ECONOMY, PERIODS A case: Soybean 1. timber (Pau Brasil) in the first years of colonization 2. sugarcane in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries 3. precious metals (gold) and gems (diamonds) in the eighteenth century; 4. coffee and cattle in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. 5. land rich in natural resources  principally iron ore, bauxite, manganese, nickel, uranium, gold, gemstones, oil, and timber.

Branqueamento Brazil  one of the last countries to end the slave trade and slavery. The Brazilian economy depended on African slave labor. 1850: Brazil abolished the trade in slaves in : All slaves in Brazil were set free. Racial discrimination. Branqueamento = Whitening  to make the people of Brazil more white, and less black. Brazil did not allow non-Europeans into the country. Cultural branqueamento.

Tiradentes ( ) Tiradentes ( ) José Joaquim da Silva Xavier

Decline of the sugar industry in the 17th century  Portuguese colonizers operating on the coast of Brazil go inland  they found gold and diamonds Photo: Sebastiao Salgado, 1986 Gold Mine of Serra Pelada, Federal State of Para.

Cattle & Coffee

Getulio Vargas - Juscelino Kubitschek - Luiz Inácio ”Lula” da Silva In 1889 Brazil became a Republic and introduced a new Constitution. The first 30 years were marked by the politics of “Coffee with Milk”, a reference to the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo (respectively producers of dairy and coffee), which took turns governing Brazil. In 1930, led by Getúlio Vargas, the country embarked on a new industrial and urban development model. Basic human rights and workers’ rights were implemented  The New State From 1960, Juscelino Kubitschek made good on his campaign promise to build a brand new capital, Brasilia, and achieve “50 years of development in 5 years”

QUEREMISMO  “Love as a principle and order as the basis; progress as the goal“ (Auguste Compte)

Juscelino Kubitschek BRASILIA

Brasilia - Oscar Niemeyer

João Goulart Reformas de Base Strong state intervention in the economy. Education reform: Paulo Freire method (Sorrettujen pedagogiikka, Pedagogia do oprimido, Pedagogy of the Oppressed). Prohibited the operation of private schools. 15% of the income produced in Brazil would be directed to education. Tax reform: control of profits transfer by multinational companies with headquarters abroad  the profit should be reinvested in Brazil. Income tax would be proportional to personal profit. Land reform: properties larger than 600 hectares would be expropriated and redistributed to the population by the government. Urban reform: people could own only a single house. Those who had more than one urban property would have to donate them or sell their properties at low prices.

Military government

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

LULA DA SILVA DILMA ROUSSEFF

Pais Tropical - Sergio Mendes Moro num país tropical abençoado por Deus e bonito por natureza. Em fevereiro, tem carnaval, e tenho um fusca e um violão. Sou flamengo e tenho uma nega chamada Tereza Sambaby, Sambaby posso não ser um band leader, pois é. Mas lá em casa todos issos tipos me respeitam, pois é. E essa é a razão da simpatia, do poder, e da alegria.

Joe Carioca José Carioca - Zé Carioca

Violence in Brazil is criminal rather than political? Favelas: Rocinha

Manaus

AMAZON AMAZON

The Sambadrome (Sambódromo)

Jorge Amado ( ) 1978 Bahia Latin american boom Jubiabá (1935) Modernism (= no realism) Magic realism = blends magical or fantastical elements with reality

Yes, we can!

Samba Dance - Learn how to dance samba Samba Dance - Learn how to dance samba