MEETING HUMAN NEEDS IN A CHANGING WORLD Principles of Agriculture

“ I can statements for unit 1” I can define agriculture. I can define agriscience and discover it in the world around us. I can state the major sciences that support agriscience. I can describe basic and applied sciences that relate to agriscience. I can identify significant historical developments in Agriscience. I can evaluate the different agriscience careers and their earning potential, training required and job descriptions.

What do people need to survive? The three human needs are: FOOD FIBER SHELTER

Critical Vocabulary: Agriculture: Is defined by: the art and science of helping to feed, clothe, and beautify mankind. *Helps us meet the needs of people. *Through science and technology agriculture is changing constantly.

Agriculture Statistics 1/5 of total jobs in Agriculture are found in that areas of production agriculture, farming or ranching. While only 15.4 cents of the food dollar is the producers’ share. 4/5 of total jobs in Agriculture are found to be in areas of non-farm or non-ranch situations. Approximately 2% of people in the United States are actually farmers. The average U.S. farmer produces enough food to feed 130 people.

Agricultural Engineer Means the application of mechanical and other engineering principles in agricultural settings. (Ex: person that develops the design or pattern of something to be constructed.) The use of iron has industrialized the field of agriculture for engineers.

Agriscience Is defined as the application of scientific principles and new technologies to agriculture. This industry provides commodities that are basic to life. The products and services that are provided in most of the areas in the agriscience wheel of fortune seem to flow to originate from Agriscience processing, products, and distribution. Increase yields in crops such as sugar and rice per acre is possible because of new hybrids that have been developed. 20% of the careers in agriscience require college degrees. (veterinarian, cooperative extension agent, soil conservationist, geneticist, agriscience teacher, horticulturist, etc.) 20% of all workers in the U.S. are employed in the agriscience industries.

Horticulture The industry that produces, processes, and markets fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants.

Forestry industry is growing, managing and harvesting trees.

Soil science refers to the study of the properties and management of soil to grow plants. Agronomy is the science of soils and field crops. In 1972, a pesticide called DDT was banned because of its harmful effect on the environment. Horticulture is the science of fruits, vegetables and ornamentals. Entomology is the science of insect life.

Renewable natural resources Provided by nature that can replace or renew themselves. (Examples: wildlife, trees, fish, etc.) Some occupations may include: forester, waterman, game trapper, etc. Aquaculture – means the growing and management of living things in water, such as fish.

Animal Science refers to the use of modern principles and practice for animal growth and management. Possible Animal science careers include: Animal breeders, veterinarians, etc. Animal Science concern- mastitis – an infection of the milk secreting glands of cattle, goats and other milk producing animals.

Agribusiness Refers to commercial firms that have developed with or stemmed out of agriculture. Agriculture Economics-management of agricultural resources.

Assignment: A.) Investigate assigned agriscience career, determine the earning potential and identify TWO jobs within this career. B. Explain why someone in this career field must continue their education in order to be successful and how this relates to their earnings.

INVENTIONS / IMPROVEMENTS Cyrus McCormick- invented the reaper to cut small grain. Thomas Jefferson –invented the iron plow. John Deere – invented the moldboard plow that was made of steel, allowing plowing of soil. Eli Whitney – invented the cotton gin to remove cotton seeds from cotton fiber. Edmund Quincy – invented the corn picker to remove ears of corn from stalks. Joseph Glidden – invented the barb wire with sharp points to prevent animals from touching it. Anna Baldwin – invented the milking machine. Benjamin Holt – invented the tractor for a source of power for belt- driven machines. Combine – cuts and threshes grain in the field.

How do we live different than someone in a third world country? Assignment: In assigned groups, research your assigned country determine the following: % are farmers Climate/topography Life expectancy Population breakdown Mechanizations and advancements in technology utilized. (ex: GMO’s, equipment, etc.)

After completing your research develop a poster or power point on your country including all of your information. (Rubric will be given)

FACTORS THAT DETERMINE CONSUMER PREFERENCE CLIMATE - TYPE OF WEATHER CUSTOMS – EXAMPLE: TYPE OF FOOD THAT PEOPLE ARE NOT ALLOWED TO EAT. STANDARD OF LIVING - INCOME OF THE PEOPLE AND PRODUCTS AVAILABLE TO THEM

CONTRASTS BETWEEN NATIONS IN AGRICULTURE MECHANIZATION- TRACTORS,EQUIP. IMPROVED CROPS - HIGHER YIELDS COMMERCE - TRANSPORTATION, STORAGE FACILITIES, METHODS OF BUYING AND SELLING PRODUCTS EDUCATION OF PEOPLE - VARY SOIL AND CLIMATE - VARY

Brainstorm paper: Why is complex, highly developed, expensive machinery not good for use in an underdeveloped country?