Topic Questions 1.What caused the developed/developing divide? 2.What are the features of a developing nation? 3.What are the main goals of developing nations?

Vocabulary Terms developing nation imperialism cash crop modernization tariff privatization

1. What caused the developed/developing divide?

cash crops (cotton) mineral resource extraction (copper mining in the DRC) 1. What caused the developed/developing divide?

Triangular Trade 1. What caused the developed/developing divide?

Even after independence, developing world remained behind…. 1. What caused the developed/developing divide?

2. What are the features of a developing nation? weak economy poverty dependent on former colonial rulers borrow $ (debt) lack diversity agrarian – cash crops mineral extraction unstable government low literacy poor health large population growth rural  urbanization

2. What are the main goals of developing nations? MODERNIZE: political stability strong economy o diversify o end dependence (protective tariffs) o privatization improved social services: schools, housing, health…

UN Human Development Index (UNHDI) statistic used to rank countries by level of development Value: 0-1 o = high o = medium o <0.500 = low

UN HDI in 2007

NICs newly industrialized countries Map: NICS as of 2009

The other “BRIC” Brazil, Russia, India, China fastest growing emerging markets coined in 2001 at Goldman Sachs

Is Development Good? “[I]t is the unthinking, limitless overconsumption by another part of the world’s population which perpetuates this [economic] entrapment [of the South] and makes it even worse. For the rich, it is a question of recapturing what has been cast aside so foolishly, or carelessly lost in the intoxicated rush towards production for production’s sake and growth as if there were no tomorrow. This headlong path ultimately must lead to disaster. For the poor, it is often a question of trying to preserve, defend and reinforce what they still have: their cultural and ethical values, their capacity to think and act autonomously, their artisan skills and oral prowess, and, above all, their ancient wisdoms and civilizations.” - Raff Carmen, Autonomous Development: An Excursion into Radical Thinking and Practice, 1996

Words Matter What effect do you think it has on traditional cultures to be judged “underdeveloped”? Can they be proud of their “underdeveloped” lives? Do you think groups like the Sukura and Pokot would see their lives as “underdeveloped”? The terms “developed” and “underdeveloped” are not a value- free measurement of people’s quality of life, but a judgment about what manner of living is best.