European Exploration & Conquest Chapter 15

 Columbian Exchange  International trade  Global for 1 st time – bridged both hemispheres  Network  People, Foodstuffs, Diseases, Animals, Ideas  Connected  Africa, Europe, Asia, North America, South America  Earth transforming event  Movement of people, animals & plants  Spanish brought to New World - wheat, wine grapes, olive trees (oil), sugar plants, rice & bananas - horses, cattle, sheep, dogs, pigs, chickens, goats  From the New World – corn (maize), white potatoes, beans, squash, pumpkins, avocados & tomatoes Impact of the Encounter with the New World

 Amerindian impact  Devastated  Disease  Murder  Brutal working conditions  Quickest destruction of an aboriginal population in history! Impact of the Encounter with the New World

 Slave trade  Sugar and slavery  Demand for sugar grew – demand for slavery grew  Long history  Ancient Greece and Rome  New World  The 1 st Portuguese bought W. African slaves from local kings/dealers  Slave traded later dominated by Dutch and then British  By 1790 the proportion of black to white populations  in the US was about 1 to 5  In Brazil 2 to 3 Impact of the Encounter with the New World

 Spanish economy  Siglo d’oro – golden century  Silver & gold  Spanish economy suffered with the loss of skilled labor & trading expertise of the expelled Muslim & Jewish pop  Inflation – price revolution  Harder to meet the growing demand for goods from colonies  Growing demands from growing pop at home  Import of Peruvian silver  Global empire  Land empire in New World  Pacific empire – Philippines; provided Chinese silk to colonies  Territories inherited by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V  Low Countries, Spain, Austria Impact of the Encounter with the New World

 New global economy  Commercial boom from 1570 – 1630 made many traders & capitalists wealthy  Dominated 1 st by Portuguese, then Spain, then the Dutch – each built empires  Portuguese  spices & sugar produced in their colonies  Goods from China & other Euro colonies  W African slaves  silver – Bolivia  Dutch  Seaborne trade  Spices  Dutch East India Company  went after Portuguese interests in Asia – direct control over the Spice Islands (Indonesia) Impact of the Encounter with the New World