Beliefs, Murder, Martyrdom… A difficult time to return to Scotland for Mary Stuart…

You will learn about: What is meant by the words : ‘Protestant Reformation’. When the Reformation happened. Who some of the key reformers from Scotland, England and Germany were. Why they wanted reform/change. Why they were unhappy with the Roman Catholic Papacy/Church. What the beliefs were of some of the reformers. What the consequences were for people who kept their Catholic faith. How the Reformation made Mary Stuart’s return to Scotland very difficult in the 1560s.

Down to the basics… Meanings: ‘Protestant’ – means to protest against something… Protestant Reformers – protested against the Catholic Church and the Papacy. ‘Reform’ – this means to change something ‘re-form’ it. When? 1500s Who? Luther, Calvin, Henry VIII Where? Luther in Germany, Calvin in Geneva and Henry in England Why? Causes and Reasons - to be revealed… Can you think of why people would want to reform Copy the following slide in to your jotter

Key Reformers in the Protestant Reformation Martin Luther – Catholic Priest who grew tired of the corruption of the church 1517 started reform in Germany, George Wishart – burned alive at St Andrews Castle 01/03/1546 John Knox converted by Wishart became a lead Protestant preacher Henry VIII Created the ‘Anglican’ Church of England – broke away from Roman Catholic Papacy to marry Anne Boleyn in the early 1530s. He then ordered 800 monasteries to be destroyed and their lands and treasures be taken for the crown. Even though his personal beliefs were Catholic. Many Catholics were burned if they did not convert. Priest went in to hiding. Archbishop Cranmer promoted the Reformation in England in service to Henry.

Calvinism… he died 1564 In 1536 Calvin expressed his new beliefs: and wrote many books about them: God has (decided in advance) who will be granted eternal glory or suffer eternal damnation, and man can do nothing to change this decision. Told people to pray, saying men must worship even though they may have no chance to be saved. Prayers should be simple, and all fancy ceremonies should be rejected. Christ is present whenever believers gather in prayer, and that priests have no special powers. No separation of Church and state; both must work together to preserve the word of God Government/State was allowed to use force if necessary against those engaging in false teachings.

Reformers – what do you remembers? Copy the diagram below on A4 paper Choose 4 of the key Reformers Record details that you have learned about them in the 4 sections of the Circle

What did the Reformers believe… The aim of the Reformation was to change the Church. The main ideas came from Martin Luther: ‘Lutheranism’ but the ideas of ‘Calvinism’ and the Anglican Church of England followed the same basic ideas: Salvation gained from faith and good works Faith alone gained Salvation (not in Calvinism) People should read the word of God (Bible) for themselves not listen to it being read by a Priest in Latin. Kings, Local Princes or the State could be the Head of the Church - not the Pope or the Papacy. Draw a cross and write the main Protestant Reformation beliefs around the four corners. Protestant Reformation Beliefs

The impact of Printing Press Guttenburg’s Printing Press First book was the Guttenburg Bible Books were now cheap Written in the vernacular language (not Latin) – English, German so it could be read by the ‘masses’ Mass printing helped spread of ideas – people started to question the Church…dangerous times for the Catholic Church!

The Power of Propaganda

Consequences for devout Catholics during the reformation

Impact on Mary’s return to Scotland in 1561 Mary was growing up in France during the Reformation her mother, Mary of Guise was Queen Regent of Scotland in her absence. Scotland was becoming Protestant but Mary’s mother refused to convert to the Protestant faith…People did not trust her so she was removed from the Throne and died in June Mary returned in 1561 (19): Problems: -Many Scottish nobles did not support her Reign as she refused to convert and was Catholic -John Knox preached against Mary for attending Catholic Mass and dancing….! Christian women shouldn’t dance -She was unmarried – the Scottish nobles wanted her to re-marry to produce an heir to the Scottish throne. Pressure!!!! Dangerous Times for Mary Queen of Scots!!

The tide turns…Mary’s cousin…Bloody Mary’s Reign

The tide turns…Mary’s cousin…Bloody Mary Mary Tudor’s Reign of Terror – below Protestant Martyrs…Catholic Revenge on heretics!! rning+of+Protestants&p2=%5EXP%5Expt080%5ETTAB01% rning+of+Protestants&p2=%5EXP%5Expt080%5ETTAB01%

Royal Rivals: Elizabeth I vs Mary Stuart Became Queen of England in 1558 after the death of Mary, Henry VII and Edward VI Many Catholic English nobles felt that she was illegitimate – the Church did not recognise the divorce of Henry VIII and therefore his marriage to Anne Boleyn would be void? Catholic English nobles felt that Mary was the true ruler – she was Catholic and firmly legitimate. Elizabeth was furious and distrusted Mary She was worried that Mary would try to rule England and Scotland.