By: Gwenevere Coyl and Katherine Trindell

Bell Ringers  1. Look at the chart on page 136. Which groups owned land?  2. What do you think the difference was between an indentured servant and an unskilled worker?  1. Look at the chart on page 136. Which groups owned land?  2. What do you think the difference was between an indentured servant and an unskilled worker?

LANDS, RIGHTS, AND WEALTH Katherine D. Trindell and Gwenevere L. Coyl

LANDS, RIGHTS, AND WEALTH o Who is Sarah Kemble Knight? o From Boston to New Haven, Connecticut o The trip took 5 days o They were separated by distance and customs

LANDS AND VOTING America o Colonies thriving o Cheap farm land Europe o Fewer then 5% of the people owned Land o Land rarely went on sale Both o Generally, only white man landowners or property owners could vote. o City dwellers could pay only if they paid a fee. o

LANDS o What special rights did landowners enjoy? o The landownership gave colonists political rights as well as prosperity.

RANK  Land ownership helped determine the colonists’ social position.  Unlike England, America had no class of nobles whose titles passed parent to child.  Both England and America’s people were divided into high, medium, and low ranks.  Farmers who owned small amounts of land and many colonists were middle class.  People that did not own land such as servants, slaves, and hired workers were low in rank.  Seats at church were assigned by class. Wealthy families sat in the front pews and the poor people in the back.  People lower in class curtsying or tipping a hat to their “betters.”  Despite such division the wealthy were expected to aid the poor.

Gwenevere Coyl and Katherine Trindell

African Women Helped raise crops › Such as indigo and tobacco White Women They were farm wives and did chores like:  Cooked, churned butter, made soap candles, spun fibers, wove cloth, sewed and knitted clothing, etc. Although women were not landholders, their work was essential to the colonial economy. They were not allowed to own land. Money o Cash was scarce so wives bartered, or traded for goods o By law money that women earned instantly belonged to her husband. Urban Women o Some ran inns or other types of businesses o A few women practiced trades o A woman named Madam Knight sold writing paper, taught handwriting, and rented rooms to guests.

YOUNG PEOPLE AT WORK Katherine D. Trindell and Gwenevere Coyl

YOUNG PEOPLE AT WORK o Many families had large amounts of children. They had many kids because they needed/wanted more workers. o People in New England had around 6-8 children. o People as young as 3 had to be helpful by doing things such as gathering berries, looking after farm animals, and looking after younger kids. o Once a boy turned 6 he was “breeched.” That meant that they did not wear the skirts or smocks of the young children. They instead wore pants and helped with their father’s work. o At age 11 boys left their families to become apprentices. o They received food, clothing, lodging, education, and specific training. o After the contract was over the boy would either start his own business or work for wages. o Girls learned how to sew and do other household activities o Girls were rarely apprenticed. o At the age of 13 they were sent away to other houses to learn specialized skills

Gwenevere Coyl and Katherine Trindell

o Education was greatly valued by the colonies. o Why were most colonial children taught to read? o Only wealthy children learned reading along with writing and arithmetic.  They either went to private schools or had private tutors o Poor children sometimes learned to read from their moms or attended “dame schools” (women taught the alphabet and used the Bible to teach reading) o Most children finished their formal education by age seven o Children’s textbooks emphasized religion o Colonial America had a literacy rate

NEWSPAPERS AND BOOKS Katherine D. Trindell and Gwen L. Coyl

NEWSPAPERS AND BOOKS o Colonial readers supported a publishing industry o It drew the colonies together o How many newspapers were there during the early 1700s? o What was that newspaper called? o Over years many newspapers started becoming more and more popular. o Most books were imported from England. o Slowly but surely colonists began writing their own books. o What was a very popular type of book?

Gwenevere Coyl and Katherine Trindell

Religion was very dry, dull, and distant. That is where the Great Awakening comes in. It was in the 1730’s and 1740’s, and it was a religious movement where people would travel preach that inner religious emotion was more important than the outward behavior. o It lasted for years o People left their old churches o Some let in women, African Americans, and Native Americans o Churches gained 20,000 to 50,000 new members Colleges such as Princeton and Brown were founded to train ministers. It inspired colonists to help others and one another It sprouted ideas of individual worth, equality, and the right to challenge authority

THE ENLIGHTENMENT Katherine D. Trindell Gwenevere L. Coyl

THE ENLIGHTENMENT o What was the enlightenment? o It was different from the Great Awakening because it did not stress religious emotion. o How did it effect the colonists? o Benjamin Franklin was a famous American Enlightenment figure. o This appealed to mostly to wealthy, educated men. o Where did the Enlightenment start? o John Locke was an English Philosopher, he argued that people have natural rights. o What were those rights?

KEY TERMS  Apprentice  Apprentice - a boy who learned the work of a tradesman. He was given all of the essentials and he worked for free until he fulfilled his contract.  Great Awakening  Great Awakening - it was a religious movement from the 1730’s to the 1740’s. The ministers preached the inner religious emotion which appealed to the heart and drew large crowds.  Jonathan Edwards  Jonathan Edwards - a great preacher who scared people with images of God’s anger but promised that they could be saved.  George Whitefield -  George Whitefield - he drew thousands of people with his sermons and raised money for orphans.  Enlightenment  Enlightenment - this movement emphasizes reason and science as paths to knowledge.  Benjamin Franklin  Benjamin Franklin - a Famous American Enlightenment figure who’s intellectual movement appealed to wealthy and educated people.  John Locke  John Locke – was an English Philosopher, he argued that people have natural rights

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THE END By: Gwenevere L. Coyl Katherine Trindell