By: Dr Alireza Kazemi

 Computer science, the study of complex systems, information and computation using applied mathematics, electrical engineering and software engineering techniques. Computer science  Information science, the study of the processing, management, and retrieval of information Information science  Informatics (academic field), a broad academic field encompassing human-computer interaction, information science, information technology, algorithms, areas of mathematics (especially mathematical logic and category theory), and social sciences that are involved Informatics (academic field)  Information technology, the study, design, development, implementation, support, or management of computer-based information systems Information technology

 Health informatics (also called Health Information Systems, healthcare informatics, medical informatics, nursing informatics, clinical informatics, or biomedical informatics) is a discipline at the intersection of information science, computer science, and health care. It deals with the resources, devices, and methods required to optimize the acquisition, storage, retrieval, and use of information in health and biomedicine. Health informatics tools include not only computers but also clinical guidelines, formal medical terminologies, and information and communication systems. It is applied to the areas of nursing, clinical care, dentistry, pharmacy, public health, occupational therapy, and (bio)medical researchinformation sciencecomputer sciencehealth careHealth informatics toolsclinical guidelines

 Health informatics combines the fields of medicine, information science and information technology (inter-disciplinary) to formulate various systems for generating, validating, securing and integrating health-related data. The purpose is to deliver effective to health care to patients. It involves bringing together various resources, techniques and systems to maximize the use of the wealth of medical knowledge, technological advances and drug breakthroughs that are available. It is used in a wide variety of health-related fields, including dentistry, pharmacy, nursing, medical research clinical care and public health

 Overlapping Model  Umbrella Model

 1) Rights and obligations of information: What are the rights of individuals and corporations about information about themselves? What are the legal means to protect it? And what are the obligations for that information. “These rights include: Privacy is the right of individuals to be left in peace. Technology and information systems threaten the privacy of individuals to make cheap, efficient and effective invasion. Due process requires the existence of a set of rules or laws that clearly define how we treat information about individuals and that appeal mechanisms available.

 2) Property rights: how to move the classical concepts of patent and intellectual property in digital technology? What are these rights and how to protect? Information technology has hindered the protection of property because it is very easy to copy or distribute computer information networks. Intellectual property is subject to various protections under three patents: Trade secrets: Any intellectual work product used for business purposes may be classified as secret. Copyright: It is a concession granted by law to protect creators of intellectual property against copying by others for any purpose for a period of 28 years. Patents: A patent gives the holder, for 17 years, an exclusive monopoly on the ideas on which an invention

 3) Responsibility and control: Who is responsible and who controls the use and abuse of information from the People. The new information technologies are challenging existing laws regarding liability and social practices, to force individuals and institutions accountable for their actions Five Moral dimensions of information Age

 4) Quality systems: What data standards, information processing programs should be required to ensure the protection of individual rights and society? It can hold individuals and organizations for avoidable and foreseeable consequences if their obligation is to see and correct

 5) Quality of life: What values should be preserved and protected in a society based on information and knowledge? What institutions should protect and which should be protected? The negative social costs of introducing information technologies and systems are growing along with the power of technology. Computers and information technologies can destroy valuable elements of culture and society, while providing benefits