The Impacts of war on Lithuanian’s culture

Historical background Act of Independence of Lithuania (1918) Soviet first and second occupation ( , ) Germans’ occupation ( ) Lithuania’s independence in 1990

Lithuanian Partisans Partisans who waged uniformed guerrilla warfare against Soviet rule during the Soviet invasion and occupation of Lithuania during and after World War II Almost partisans from many European countries fought from the mountains Captured Lithuanian partisans faced torture and deportation It is estimated that a total of 30,000 partisans and their supporters were killed during the guerrilla warfare from 1944 to 1953

People killed (MGB data) YearPartisansSovietsPro-Soviet civilians 19442, ,7773, ,1432, ,5402, ,1351, ,1921, Total20,10312,9212,619

Most known Lithuanian partisans Juozas Lukša ( ) Adolfas Ramanauskas ( ) Pranas Končius ( )

Juozas Lukša ( ) Codename: Daumantas or Skirmantas Leader of the Lithuanian partisans after the World War II He engaged in the underground movement in 1944 He joined the armed resistance in 1946 In 1947 he escaped to the West He was killed in 1951

Adolfas Ramanauskas ( ) Codename: Vanagas Leader of the Lithuanian partisans Betrayed, he was arrested, tortured, and eventually executed by KGB in 1957 Awarded the Order of the Cross of Vytis Promoted to brigadier general in 1990

Pranas Končius ( ) Codename: Adomas The last Lithuanian anti-soviet resistance fighter killed in action In 2000 he was posthumously awarded the Cross of Vytis

The aftermath The freedom of Lithuania Declaration of independence Partisan’s day

Pictures from the Museum of Genocide Victims Wall of former KGB headquarters in Vilnius inscribed with names of those tortured and killed in its basement Picture 1

Pictures from the Museum of Genocide Victims Execution Room Picture 2 Mental Cell Picture 3

Pictures from the Museum of Genocide Victims Horrifying photos of the victims Picture 4 Isolation chamber Picture 5

Baltic Chain Baltic Way or Chain of Freedom Peaceful political demonstration people Over 600 kilometers across the three Baltic states Tallinn-Riga-Vilnius Effective campaign Emotionally and stunning scene.

Pictures of Baltic Chain (1/3)

Pictures of Baltic Chain (2/3)

Pictures of Baltic Chain (3/3)

LITHUANIA BALTIC WAY ANNIVERSARY

Songs and Poems A.Bitvinskas. „Mes nemirę“ „Mes nemirę, mes nemirę!" Naktį juodą, žiaurią, gilią Kelias aukos iš kapų. Nužudyti, nukankinti Skelbia garsiai vieną mintį Dar gyvais balsais žmonių: „Mes nemirę, mes nemirę! Laukiam laisvės atgimimo Sutemų pilnoj šaly, - Dar ir Sibiro ledynėj, Toje lagerių tėvynėj, Mes gyvi, mes dar gyvi! Mes nemirę, mes nemirę, Jei pajėgiam naktį gilią Atsikelti iš kapų"... A.Bitvinskas. "We're not dead" “We‘re not dead, we did not die!“ Night black, fierce, deep Wake up victims from their graves. Murdered, tortured Proclaim loudly one thought With voices of people still alive: “We’re not dead, we did not die! We’re waiting for the rebirth of freedom In the country full of dusk,- Even in Siberia glacier, That lagers homeland, We’re alive, we’re still alive! We’re not dead, we did not die, If we can afford in night deep To wake up from our graves“…

Songs and Poems Jei ne auksinės vasaros, Ne mėlynos vosilkos, Nebūtum mes atėję čia, Kur slenka dienos pilkos. Taip tyliai slenka vasaros, Pražydę gėlės vysta. Mes tyliai šluostom ašaras, Palaidoję jaunystę. Paliksime tas kryžkeles Ir viską, ką turėjom - Jaunystę, juoką, ašaras Ir tą, kurią mylėjom. Išeisiu vieną vakarą Ir jau daugiau negrįšiu. Žydės vosilkos mėlynai, Bet jų nebematysiu. If not for golden summers If not for fields of blue We wouldn’t have come here To while away the days So quietly pass the summers And blossoming flowers wilt We quietly wipe away the tears In memory of our youth. We’ll leave behind those crossroads And everything we had Youth, laughter, tears And the one we loved I’ll leave one evening Never to return The rye flower will blossom blue But I will never see it

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