XG Communications Program Information Briefing Preston Marshall Preston Marshall DARPA ATO Program Manager September 2004 ITU Study Group 8

Approved for Public Release - Distribution Unlimited 2 All Spectrum May Be Assigned, But… …Most Spectrum Is Unused! XG is Developing the Technology and System Concepts to Dynamically Access Available Spectrum DARPA XG Program Goal: Demonstrate Factor of 10 Increase in Spectrum Access

Approved for Public Release - Distribution Unlimited 3 XG Program Components The Primary Product XG Program is, but a for Dynamic Spectrum Access The Primary Product XG Program is Not a New Radio, but a Set of Advanced Technologies for Dynamic Spectrum Access XG Products Temporal, Spectral, Dimensional, Energy Characteristics Communications and Sensor Applications Transition to User Community Transition to User Community Measurements Policy-Based Controls Policy - - Based Controls XG Behaviors Initial XG Implementation Control of Features, Priorities, Allocations, Exclusions,…

Approved for Public Release - Distribution Unlimited 4 XG Policy-Based Controls XG Being Developed In Advance of Policy FrameworkXG Being Developed In Advance of Policy Framework –Implementations Must Fit With National And International Regulations –Algorithms Must be Adaptable Regional and operational situationsRegional and operational situations Evolving policiesEvolving policies Policy-Based MetalanguagePolicy-Based Metalanguage –Translates Policy Rules Into Radio Behavior Controls –Decouples XG Technology From Regulatory Process –Control Operating Rules Based on Policies and Situations –Using Semantic Web Technologies (DAML/OIL/OWL) Policy-Based Controls Will Draw on Practices & Methodologies Currently Employed Manually by Spectrum Managers

Approved for Public Release - Distribution Unlimited 5 Sense Top-Level Functional Architecture System Strategy Reasoner Radio Platform Policy Reasoner Device Configuration System Policy Accredited Policy Transmit

Approved for Public Release - Distribution Unlimited 6 Top-Level CONOPS Develop Request RF Resource Request Process Request Determine Opportunities Select Opportunities RF Transmit Plan Bound: Yes/No Unbound: Binding Constraints

Approved for Public Release - Distribution Unlimited 7 XG Key Principles Suitable for Range of Architectural ImplementationsSuitable for Range of Architectural Implementations –Centralized and decentralized Identify Interference-Preventing Core SetIdentify Interference-Preventing Core Set –Extensible to other features (subleasing, microcharging,...) Separate Policies From EngineeringSeparate Policies From Engineering –Avoid advocacy for specific spectrum sharing policies –XG being developed In advance of Policy Frameworks Provide For Richness/Complexity of PoliciesProvide For Richness/Complexity of Policies –Regulations neither flat nor hierarchical Allow For Diversity of Policy SourcesAllow For Diversity of Policy Sources –Peer-Peer and hierarchical policy authorities –Enable extension to cognitive optimizing logic Policy Layer Flexible for Implementations to Use Without Revisiting for Engineering & Policy Changes

Approved for Public Release - Distribution Unlimited 8 The XG Problem Space How Do We? Measure Instantaneous Spectrum Usage? Account for Propagation Differences? Policy Language Common Approaches that Must Be Agreed on, and Can be Adopted Widely Resolve Inconsistent Policies? Infer Ambiguous Policies? Protect Hidden Nodes? Reflect Band- Specific Policies? Reflect Nation - Policies? Optimize System Performance? Infer Potential Interference? Implementation Design Specific Approaches that Can be Implemented in Many Ways to Develop Unique Products Describe Worst-Case Interference? Abstract Capabilities (Behaviors)

Approved for Public Release - Distribution Unlimited 9 Levels of Policy RegulationRegional NationalNational GovtNon-Govt Agencies Commercial & Civil Owners DoDServices UnitUnitUserUserUserUserUser Interference Prevention Prevention QOS, Cost Optimization Policy Authority Policy Focus Focus Ontology-Based Policy Controls Enable Combining and Processing Rules From Multiple Authorities

Approved for Public Release - Distribution Unlimited 10 Network-Specific Policies Spectrum Regulatory Policies Dimensions of Policy DefinitionRadio-SpecificPolicies

Approved for Public Release - Distribution Unlimited 11 XG Policy Language Need to Express Policies In A Way That The Radio Can UnderstandNeed to Express Policies In A Way That The Radio Can Understand –Current regulatory policies are implicit in radio hardware – policy and technology are coupled and costly to change –Need to be able to select and update policies in situ New locations, updated policies, new authorizations,...New locations, updated policies, new authorizations,... Web Ontology Language (OWL) Being Used For Developing XG Policy LanguageWeb Ontology Language (OWL) Being Used For Developing XG Policy Language –Basis for semantic web technology – W3C recommendation –Provides structure and richness needed to express policies –Includes general theorem proving/reasoning engines for deductive inference –OWL Is NOT Another Programming Language – structured way to build representations of knowledge, facts, and rules/policies for machine understanding Technology Independent Mathematical Rigor and Logic

Approved for Public Release - Distribution Unlimited 12 Technology and Policy Evolution 1.Enhance Policy Flexibility by Opening Up the Envelope Confidence Gained From ExperienceConfidence Gained From Experience 2.Increase Capability to Dynamically Sense and Adapt Faster Spectrum Analyzers, More Instantaneous BandwidthFaster Spectrum Analyzers, More Instantaneous Bandwidth 3.Develop Radios & Waveform Standards that Can Exploit Sharing Policies Wider Coverage, Better Antennas, Adaptive WaveformsWider Coverage, Better Antennas, Adaptive Waveforms Dimension 2 Operating Area Dimension 1 XG Approach as Policies and Technologies Evolve XG Approach Allows the Operating Envelope To Autonomously Change Over Time as Policies and Technologies Evolve Independently Operating Area

Approved for Public Release - Distribution Unlimited 13 XG Policy Language Features Resolve Multiple Sources Of Policy Without Causing FailureResolve Multiple Sources Of Policy Without Causing Failure –Allows for Multiple Uncoordinated Sources of Policy Approachable ImplementationApproachable Implementation –Growing Community Of DAML/OWL Users, Features and Authoring Tools Class ExtensibleClass Extensible –Maximizes Generality and Reduces Complexity –Everyone Can Extend Policies To Their Needs –Rapid Adoption Of New Policy Concepts And Technologies Provable StructureProvable Structure –Set Theory, Logical Reasoning And Theorem Proving Host Implementation IndependentHost Implementation Independent –All Policies Can Run On Any Compliant Device Transition from Describing Self-Operation to Defining Effects on Others

Approved for Public Release - Distribution Unlimited 14 Community Input to XG Protocol Development Based on Original ARPA/ Internet Protocol Request for Comment ProcessBased on Original ARPA/ Internet Protocol Request for Comment Process –Aspects of XG Standard that Implement Interference Trust Protocols, APIs, Behaviors, CertificatesProtocols, APIs, Behaviors, Certificates –Not Design/Implementation Specific Web Sites Set Up to Host Draft Documents and Public DiscussionsWeb Sites Set Up to Host Draft Documents and Public Discussions –Users Can Access and Comment on Drafts –RFC: –Comments Accepted at –List Server: Technical – Not Regulatory ProcessTechnical – Not Regulatory Process

Approved for Public Release - Distribution Unlimited 15 Accomplishments Collected RF Environment For Many ScenariosCollected RF Environment For Many Scenarios –Data Being Used As Basis For Phase 2 Design Evaluations First Version Of Sensor CompletedFirst Version Of Sensor Completed –Provides Needed Capability For Rapid Wideband Sensing –Next Revision To Explore High-Risk/High-Payoff Enhancements Three Feasible Designs For Interference Avoidance, Network Operation, And RendezvousThree Feasible Designs For Interference Avoidance, Network Operation, And Rendezvous –Nearing Phase 2 Evaluations And Competition For Phase 3 Participation Policy Language And Radio Interface DefinedPolicy Language And Radio Interface Defined –Policy Language RFC v1 Composed And Released –Extensible to Future Cognitive Technology

Approved for Public Release - Distribution Unlimited 16 Program Development Plan FY02 FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 XG System End-to-End Mobile Demo 10X Reuse Possible 10X Reuse (Lab) CDR Final Demo Policy Language Development System Integration High Risk Technologies Sensing Lab Demos