AFCEA Northern Virginia R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 Brigadier General Mark O. Schissler Director, Cyberspace Operations HQ United States Air Force AFCEA Northern Virginia UNCLASSIFIED

AF Intent in Cyberspace R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 AF Intent in Cyberspace AF recognizes cyberspace as a warfighting domain in which DoD must maintain dominance for our Nation Building new competencies to support joint fight Cyber Weapon Systems and Cyber operators Partnerships with stakeholders Total force opportunity AFCYBER(P) Command laying foundation for a permanent command focused on global cyberspace operations “No future war will be won without air, space, and cyberspace superiority.” -Gen. Moseley UNCLASSIFIED

R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 Converging Future A domain characterized by the use of electronics and the electromagnetic spectrum to store, modify, and exchange data via networked systems and associated physical infrastructures EMS Electronics As of: 28 Mar 08 UNCLASSIFIED

Cyberspace connects the world R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 By the Numbers 183B emails a day 280B gigabytes of data/year $25-100B per yr commercial espionage cost Virus count exploding YouTube uploads 8 hrs of video every minute New York Times Cyberspace connects the world UNCLASSIFIED

Growing Dependence on Electromagnetic Spectrum R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 Growing Dependence on Electromagnetic Spectrum FCC Spectrum Auctions 1975 Frequency Allocation Chart 2007 Frequency Allocation Chart “Right now we get into situations where we jam against improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and it corrupts our radio traffic [and] some line-of-sight UAV operations…It’s tough. “ Gen Ronald E. Keys Aviation Week & Space Technology, Jan 29, 2007 UNCLASSIFIED

Threat & Risk . . . December 1998 – January 2003 R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 Threat & Risk . . . December 1998 – January 2003 Cyber activity from low-moderately skilled individuals Hackers, Script kiddies, Criminals Nation States Non-State Actors Physical destruction Forces of Nature February 2003 – Present Skilled / organized actors (state & non-state sponsored) DoD and Federal Networks Defense Industrial Base GIG Mission Assurance “Our freedom to use cyberspace is threatened by the actions of criminals, terrorists, and nations alike. Each seeks their own form of unique advantage, be it financial, political, or military, but together they threaten our freedom to embrace the opportunity offered by a globally connected and flattened world.” Gen Cartwright , 21 Mar 07 UNCLASSIFIED

Cyber brings Cross-Domain Capability R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 Targets: IADS Control Systems Tactical Comms Info Systems SATCOM Global effects at the speed of sound…global effects at the speed of light UNCLASSIFIED

AF Objectives in Cyberspace R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 AF Objectives in Cyberspace Provide robust, cyberwarfare capabilities to the Joint Warfighter Defend AF portion of military cyberspace Be a lead service for support to JTF-Global Network Operations Be the service of choice for conducting intelligence and forensic analysis for cyberspace superiority Have the capacity to extend cyberspace any where the joint warfighter operates Cyber superiority ensures freedom of action in all domains and denies freedom of action to adversaries UNCLASSIFIED

The National Imperative R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 The National Imperative “Attacks on Critical Infrastructure could significantly disrupt the functioning of government and business alike and produce cascading effects far beyond the targeted sector and physical location of the incident.” 2007 National Infrastructure Protection Plan UNCLASSIFIED

Total Force Commitment to Transformation R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 Way Ahead Stand Up AFCYBER Establish Career Field Author Doctrine Expand Cyber Education Utilize Cyber Red Teaming Work with Industry Total Force Commitment to Transformation UNCLASSIFIED

R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 UNCLASSIFIED

AF Cyberspace Operations Directorate HQ United States Air Force R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 AF Cyberspace Operations Directorate HQ United States Air Force UNCLASSIFIED

Classified Update on Current Ops R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 Classified Update on Current Ops UNCLASSIFIED

– to fly and fight in Air, Space, and Cyberspace R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 Overview The Cyberspace Domain Current Operations US Air Force in Cyberspace The mission of the United States Air Force is to deliver sovereign options for the defense of the United States of America and its global interests – to fly and fight in Air, Space, and Cyberspace UNCLASSIFIED

Take Aways Roles and Missions Debate On-Going R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 Take Aways Roles and Missions Debate On-Going Potential for new unified command Potential for the AF to play a leading role Are we ready to lead the fight or do we want to be a body pool? UNCLASSIFIED

AF Intent in Cyberspace R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 AF Intent in Cyberspace AF recognizes cyberspace as a warfighting domain Electronic Warfare Network Warfare Building new competencies to support joint fight Cyber Weapon Systems and Cyber operators Partnerships with stakeholders Total Force Opportunity AFCYBER Command (P) laying foundation for a permanent command focused on global cyberspace operations “No future war will be won without air, space, and cyberspace superiority.” -Gen. Moseley UNCLASSIFIED

Speed, Range, and Flexibility R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 Why the AF? World class C2 capability Culture of Innovation and Transformation AF has fielded capabilities to hold the adversary at risk in and through cyberspace in a diverse manner AF dependence on Cyberspace for Air and Space Superiority Cyberspace is a global, strategic commons Speed, Range, and Flexibility UNCLASSIFIED

“Fly & Fight” in Cyberspace R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 “Fly & Fight” in Cyberspace Hold Adversary At Risk Across All Domains Airborne-based cyber attack (electronic and all network classes) Ground-based cyber attack (electronic and network classes) Operational Prep of the Battlespace (OPB) Influence Operations through cyberspace Ensure Freedom Of Maneuver Cyber defensive ops Electronic protection Prioritized cyber function defense plan Threat analysis and OPB (airborne, ground) Command And Control Situational awareness across entire cyber domain Operational risk assessment and mission assurance C2 cyber combat operations from the AOC Cyberspace control authority responsibilities Bandwidth & Spectrum management Cyber Ops WARFIGHTING Cyberspace is a Warfighting Domain: Requires operations to Attack, Exploit, Defend and Sustain Ref: “The Fifth Dimension: Cyberspace”, Lt Gen Bob Elder (8AF/CC) 16 Jul 2007 UNCLASSIFIED

Nature of the Threat December 1998 – January 2003 R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 Nature of the Threat The Cyber Threat December 1998 – January 2003 Most activity from moderately skilled individuals Hackers, Script kiddies, Criminals Nation States Non-State Actors Physical destruction Forces of Nature February 2003 – Present Skilled / organized actors (possibly state-sponsored) DoD and Federal Networks Defense Industrial Base GIG Mission Assurance Estonia “Our freedom to use cyberspace is threatened by the actions of criminals, terrorists, and nations alike. Each seeks their own form of unique advantage, be it financial, political, or military, but together they threaten our freedom to embrace the opportunity offered by a globally connected and flattened world.” Gen Cartwright , 21 Mar 07 UNCLASSIFIED

Cyber / IO Relationship R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 US Air Force in Cyberspace Cyber / IO Relationship Cyber is a place, like other physical domains, where many missions occur Used to “store, modify, exchange” data Information Operations are missions relating to protecting friendly information and affecting adversary information (regardless of means) Network Warfare Operations (Net Attack, Net Defense) Electronic Warfare (EA, EP, ES) Influence Operations (PSYOP, MILDEC, OPSEC) Fundamental difference, but direct relationship IO occurs in/through all three domains: Air, Space, Cyberspace Many missions necessary for “Cyber Superiority” Network Warfare Operations EW (including space EW) Network Operations (maintenance) Influence Operations Intelligence “Cyber” does not replace “IO” UNCLASSIFIED

MAJCOM Phase I USAF SAF/XC AFCYBER 6xx AOC xx AF AFIOC xx EW WG 67 NWW R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 MAJCOM Phase I USAF Gaining Cmd AFCYBER SAF/XC ADCON New/Accelerated Dual Hatted AFCYBER/CV AFNETOPS/CC AFFMA Spectrum Mgt Dual Hatted xx AF AFNOC 6xx AOC C2 AFIOC xx EW WG xx Cyberspace WG 67 NWW UNCLASSIFIED

Preparing for Tomorrow’s Challenges AF Cyberspace Leaders R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 Preparing for Tomorrow’s Challenges AF Cyberspace Leaders Complete coordination of Cyberspace Force Development Roadmap Apr 2008 Submit Cyberspace Force Development ‘Roadmap’ for CSAF/SecAF Sig Apr 2008 Submit Cyberspace Tech Center of Excellence Charter for SecAF approval, establishment Apr 2008 Develop, Complete Cyberspace Force Development Roadmap Implementation Plan May 2008 Early Force Transitions (1B1, 1B2) FY09 Begin Development of AETC Cyber Courses FY10 Begin AETC Cyber Course Instruction (new accessions) FY11 UNCLASSIFIED

Cyberspace Doctrine AF Doctrine Working Group met 30-31 Oct R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 Cyberspace Doctrine AF Doctrine Working Group met 30-31 Oct Bottomline AFDD 2-x draft release in Jan 2008 Air University hosting Cyberspace Symposium 31 Mar – 4 Apr Symposium to review/refine topline draft (release in May) Decision if AFDD 2-X is to be a keystone or sub publication Joint Doctrine: formal assessment of JP 3-13 begins May 2008 First opportunity to influence joint doctrine development Engaged with development of USSTRATCOM’s Operational Concept for Operations in Cyberspace Tasked by the NMS-CO Implementation Plan UNCLASSIFIED

The world is interconnected R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 Flattening the Earth Wireless and cell phone usage in Africa exploding 50% of intra-Asian Internet traffic flows through the US YouTube uploading 8 hours of video every minute New York Times The world is interconnected UNCLASSIFIED

National Guidance 2003 National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace R&M IPT Meeting: 31 Oct 2007 National Guidance 2003 National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace 2004 National Military Strategy 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review 2006 NMS for Cyberspace Operations 2007 National Infrastructure Protection Plan 2007 National Strategy for Homeland Security 2008 National Security Policy Directive 54 UNCLASSIFIED