The Basics of Video Compression and the Future of 4K TV ICA's Conference for Video Providers Robert Saunders, CEO Skitter, Inc.

A little History 4K UHD 1080p 720p DVD VCD 4K UHD 3,840 x 2,160 1080i 1920x1080 720p 1280x720 DVD 640x360 VCD 320x180

Another Way to Look at 4K Video

A permanent step in the evolution of video quality (NAB). 4K Video A permanent step in the evolution of video quality (NAB). This step moves across all aspects of video production and distribution. UHD 4K TV is already available and on the market by: LG ULTRA HD 4K TV Samsung 4K Ultra HD TV Sony 4K Ultra HD XBR TV déjà vu all over again

Bandwidth and Storage is a Problem Raw 4K Video data rate is 8.9 Gbps 30 fps 4:4:4 Raw 4K Video Data Rate 8.9 Gbps 60fps 4:2:0, Same Chroma Encoding as Blu-ray 4K devices are limited to 30 frames per second or less using HDMI 1.4 HDMI 2.0 will be required for 4K 60 4:4:4 Frames per Second Required storage: 4K Video at 29.97 fps (uncompressed) 1 second: 46.61 GB 30 seconds: 1.40 TB 1 minute: 2.80 TB 5 minutes: 13.98 TB 1 hour: 167.79 TB 24 hours: 4.027.05 TB

Distributing 4K UHD & MPEG4-HEVC 2012 Ateme Demonstrates 4K compressed video at 15 Mbps 2013 SES Transmits First 4K UHD video via satellite at 20 Mbps Beamr Video demonstrates 4k UDH video encoded at 11.2 Mbps at NAB 2014 4K UHD MPEG4-HEVC bit rate will be between 11 to 20 Mbps April 2015, Thomson Video Networks Introduces Breakthrough ViBE® 4K Real-Time HEVC 10-Bit Encoder for Ultra HD Broadcasting

ZTE’s New 4K STB Uses Broadcom’s 4K & HEVC Chips Where’s the STB Broadcom announced the BCM7445 which is a 4K UHD STB chip capable of decoding HEVC at up to 4096x2160p at 60 fps STMicroelectronics has introduced two set-top box System-on-Chip (SoC) families, “Cannes” and “Monaco” ZTE’s New 4K STB Uses Broadcom’s 4K & HEVC Chips ABOX42 unveils 4K/H.265 STB platform for IPTV and OTT based on the Broadcom BCM7251

JVC introduces 3 new 4K UHD Cameras NAB 2015: 4K is everywhere Sony unveils some awesome new 4K technologies featuring OLED, a 4K zoom camera JVC introduces 3 new 4K UHD Cameras NAB conference makes way for more 4K content (PC World) Panasonic Showcases Professional 4K Solutions With Its AV Technology and IT Solutions at NAB 2015 NAB 2015 – HDR(High Dynamic Range) Outshines 4K Canon C300 Mark II JVC LS300

4k UHD Video Streaming Available Today January 2010, YouTube will serve up 4K (a.k.a. Ultra HD or UHD) in a new format called VP9 April 2014, Netflix begins streaming 4K UHD Netflix's 4K streams are only viewable on 2014 4K TVs that include a built-in H.265/HEVC decoder "House of Cards," as well as "some nature documentaries." WSJ, 4/15/3014 -Though there's still no TV programming broadcast in UHD—and none on the way, for the time being—the equation changes this spring when Samsung, SonyLG and Vizio couple their Ultra HD TVs with streamed content from the Internet: UHD programs like "House of Cards" from Netflix, with more shows and films on the way from Amazon.com, M-Go and Comcast. September 11, 2015 NASA, Harmonic Launch First Non-Commercial UHD Channel in North America.

ATSC 3.0 Takes The Next Step to 4K UHD ATSC 3.0 Standard for over-the-air delivery could be completed by 2016. ATSC 3.0 will be a worldwide standard for TV broadcast systems. When the ATSC 3.0 digital broadcast standard arrives, your TV tuner will stop working! (Consumer Reports July 29, 2015)

4K UHD Industry Comments “4K is not going to happen for broadcasting until ESPN says so.” Mark Aitken, Sinclair Broadcasting “We’ve done a lot of testing of 4K in our labs, and you know what, it produces the best HD pictures we’ve ever seen” Richard Friedel, FOX “Having an edited 4K master on the shelf is going to add to the asset value in the future, no matter how it’s distributed” Bob Siedel, CBS “It will be 3-5 years before we have stable technology to bring 4K to consumers. Andreas Bereczky, ZDF "The biggest 4K delivery platform by year's end will be the PlayStation 4. Many assume 4K to the home will be OTT services. Jan Weigner, Cinegy

All new video will be produced in 4K 4K technology All new video will be produced in 4K Down sampling to HD produces much better quality HD content Video producers want their content to have a longer “shelf life” CBS and others have been using 4K for acquisition (CBS used six 4K cameras at the 2013 Super Bowl) MEPG4-HEVC encoding will find a home with current HD TV delivery Bit rates for HD video will drop below 4 Mbps MPEG-DASH and MPEG4-HEVC will become the standard for OTT video delivery

Customers are all ready buying 4K TV’s Closing thoughts Customers are all ready buying 4K TV’s Streaming OTT content will be the first delivered 4K video Initially, gaming will drive 4K TV purchases At least 3 more years until 4K linear broadcast content is available It will happen fast when it happens

Robert Saunders, CEO Skitter, Inc. Contact Information Robert Saunders, CEO Skitter, Inc. Email: Robert@Skitter.TV Office: (678)894-8807