Regulation of endothelial MAPK/ERK signalling and capillary morphogenesis by low-amplitude electric field by Abdul Q. Sheikh, Toloo Taghian, Bryan Hemingway,

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Regulation of endothelial MAPK/ERK signalling and capillary morphogenesis by low-amplitude electric field by Abdul Q. Sheikh, Toloo Taghian, Bryan Hemingway, Hongkwan Cho, Andrei B. Kogan, and Daria A. Narmoneva Interface Volume 10(78): January 6, 2013 ©2013 by The Royal Society

Experimental set-up for microvascular endothelial cells exposure to EF. (a) High-frequency (7.5 GHz) EF set-up: an insert with endothelial cells was placed in the small plastic dish inside the cavity resonator to which EF was delivered from a vector network... Abdul Q. Sheikh et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2013;10: ©2013 by The Royal Society

Electric field enhances angiogenic response by microvascular endothelial cells. Abdul Q. Sheikh et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2013;10: ©2013 by The Royal Society

Angiogenic effects of EF do not require VEGF binding to VEGFR2 receptor. Abdul Q. Sheikh et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2013;10: ©2013 by The Royal Society

MAPK/ERK pathway is involved in EF-mediated angiogenic response. Abdul Q. Sheikh et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2013;10: ©2013 by The Royal Society

High-frequency EF increases the phosphorylation of ERK, but not JNK or p38 MAP kinase in microvascular endothelial cells. Abdul Q. Sheikh et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2013;10: ©2013 by The Royal Society

High-frequency EF enhances MEK phosphorylation and MEK–cRaf complex formation in microvascular endothelial cells. Abdul Q. Sheikh et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2013;10: ©2013 by The Royal Society

Effects of PI3K and eNOS inhibition and Ca2+ chelation on EF-mediated MEK phosphorylation: (a) addition of PI3K inhibitor LY did not abolish EF-induced increase in pMEK levels, when compared with no-EF controls (n = 4, p < 0.05), suggesting that this... Abdul Q. Sheikh et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2013;10: ©2013 by The Royal Society

In vivo exposure to high-frequency EF enhances VEGF expression in diabetic wounds: (a) In vivo EF exposure set-up consisted of two antennae, which were connected to the EF source through a flexible co-axial cable. Abdul Q. Sheikh et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2013;10: ©2013 by The Royal Society

(a) Angiogenic signalling pathways and (b) proposed mechanism for high-frequency EF regulation of angiogenic response. Abdul Q. Sheikh et al. J. R. Soc. Interface 2013;10: ©2013 by The Royal Society