Age of Jackson Chapter 10

Election of 1824 John Quincy Adams vs. Andrew Jackson

Election of 1824

Democracy Expands What does “democracy expands” mean? What does “democracy expands” mean? In the 1700s government was managed and controlled by wealthy male property owners In the 1700s government was managed and controlled by wealthy male property owners Why does it matter who manages or controls the government? Why does it matter who manages or controls the government? This imbalance of power alienated the majority of Americans This imbalance of power alienated the majority of Americans

Results States change voting qualifications States change voting qualifications Allows more white men to vote. How? Allows more white men to vote. How? Freed blacks are still denied this right. Freed blacks are still denied this right. Creation of nominating conventions which allows the members of the party to nominate its candidates. Creation of nominating conventions which allows the members of the party to nominate its candidates. This time period is known as Jacksonian Democracy This time period is known as Jacksonian Democracy

Election of 1828 Rematch of the 1824 Election Rematch of the 1824 Election The Democratic-Republican party splits The Democratic-Republican party splits Democratic Party  Jackson Democratic Party  Jackson National Republican Party  John Q. Adams National Republican Party  John Q. Adams

Election of 1828 Jackson: Jackson: War hero War hero Man of the people Man of the people Bad temper Bad temper Crude and unrefined Crude and unrefined Adams: Experienced Son of John Adams Harvard educated Out of touch with the common man Not very charismatic

Election of 1828

Jackson’s Administration Spoils System Spoils System Vice President  John C. Calhoun Vice President  John C. Calhoun From South Carolina From South Carolina Secretary of State  Martin Van Buren Secretary of State  Martin Van Buren From New York From New York Kitchen Cabinet  predecessor of the modern white house staff Kitchen Cabinet  predecessor of the modern white house staff

Sectionalism Increases By this time the United States has divided itself By this time the United States has divided itself Three distinct parts: Three distinct parts: The South The South The North The North The West The West

The North Economy based on: Economy based on: Trade Trade Manufacturing Manufacturing Supported Tariffs Supported Tariffs Why? Why? Opposed the sale of public lands for low prices Opposed the sale of public lands for low prices

The South Economy based on agriculture Economy based on agriculture Most dependent on cash crops Most dependent on cash crops Cotton Cotton Tobacco Tobacco Against Tariffs Against Tariffs Why? Why? Relied heavily on slavery Relied heavily on slavery

The West Was an emerging economy Was an emerging economy People in the West where concerned with 2 things People in the West where concerned with 2 things Cheap land Cheap land Internal improvements Internal improvements

Tariff of Abominations A high tariff on imports A high tariff on imports Passed by congress before Andrew Jackson took office Passed by congress before Andrew Jackson took office This causes sectionalism to increase This causes sectionalism to increase Why? Why?

Nullification Crisis Many of the southern economies suffered because of the tariff Many of the southern economies suffered because of the tariff South Carolina in particular suffered because of tariffs South Carolina in particular suffered because of tariffs John C. Calhoun will take the side of the southern states John C. Calhoun will take the side of the southern states

State’s Rights Doctrine Calhoun writes the South Carolina Exposition and Protest Calhoun writes the South Carolina Exposition and Protest In this document Calhoun argued two things: In this document Calhoun argued two things: Because the states had formed the national government they should be more powerful than the national government Because the states had formed the national government they should be more powerful than the national government States had the right to nullify any federal law they thought was unconstitutional States had the right to nullify any federal law they thought was unconstitutional Calhoun resigns from the Office of the Vice President and is replaced by Van Buren Calhoun resigns from the Office of the Vice President and is replaced by Van Buren

Nullification Debate Continues After resigning Calhoun runs for election in the Senate and wins After resigning Calhoun runs for election in the Senate and wins Uses this as a platform for arguing in favor of the State’s Rights Doctrine Uses this as a platform for arguing in favor of the State’s Rights Doctrine Based on principles established by Madison and Jefferson in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Based on principles established by Madison and Jefferson in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Hayne vs. Webster Robert Y. Hayne Robert Y. Hayne Senator for South Carolina Senator for South Carolina Defends the state’s rights to nullify federal law Defends the state’s rights to nullify federal law Argues that it provides states with a lawful way to protest federal laws Argues that it provides states with a lawful way to protest federal laws Daniel Webster Senator from Massachusetts Argues that the Union is one Nation, not a pact among independent states Believed that the Nation > States

Jackson’s Views Opposed to nullification Opposed to nullification Urged congress to decrease the tariff Urged congress to decrease the tariff South Carolina thought the new tariff was still too high South Carolina thought the new tariff was still too high

South Carolina vs Andrew Jackson Nullification Act Nullification Act Passed by South Carolina Passed by South Carolina Declared that the federal tariffs where null and void Declared that the federal tariffs where null and void Threatened to withdraw from the union if federal troops where used to enforce the tariff Threatened to withdraw from the union if federal troops where used to enforce the tariff Also voted to form their own army Also voted to form their own army Force Bill Passed by congress Requested by Jackson It allowed the President to use force (army) if necessary This causes the other southern states to not support South Carolina

Compromise Proposed by Henry Clay Proposed by Henry Clay Will gradually decrease the tariff over a number of years Will gradually decrease the tariff over a number of years Is quickly passed to prevent violent confrontation in South Carolina Is quickly passed to prevent violent confrontation in South Carolina Like the Missouri Compromise before it, this does not change the opinions of either side Like the Missouri Compromise before it, this does not change the opinions of either side