BELL-RINGER Put the following in order from what you think is smallest to largest. ATOMMONOMER, molecule POLYMER, molecule CELL ORGANELLETISSUE ORGAN

Bio- molecules Bio-molecules are large molecules that make up living things. Life Two or more atoms bonded together Carbohydrates (sugars) Proteins Lipids (fats) Nucleic Acids

6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages A carbohydrate is a bio-molecule with a ratio of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom for every carbon atom. Bio-molecule: CarbohydratesThe sub-unit (building blocks) of carbohydrates are single sugars, called monosaccharides.

Carbs range from small sugar molecules to long starch molecules we consume in pasta and potatoes. They are a key source of energy found in most foods — especially fruits, vegetables, and grains

GLUCOSE Glucose is the simple sugar that plants make during photosynthesis. Plants use glucose: As an energy reserve until they need it To grow taller and bigger To create products such as plant hormone. Animals use glucose: As an energy reserve until we need it For energy It is known as our “blood sugar”

Carbohydrates Polysaccharide: many sugar units Examples:starch (bread, potatoes) glycogen (beef muscle) cellulose (lettuce, corn) chitin (insect exoskeleton) chitin (insect exoskeleton) glucoseglucose glucoseglucose glucoseglucose glucoseglucose cellulose

6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages A protein is a large, complex polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. Bio-molecule: Proteins

6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages The basic sub-unit (building blocks) of proteins are called amino acids. There are about 20 common amino acids that can make literally thousands of different kinds of proteins. Bio-molecule: Proteins

6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages There are tens of thousands of different kinds of proteins, but they are classified into five groups: STRUCTURAL STORAGE TRANSPORT DEFENSIVE ENZYMES Bio-molecule: Proteins

6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages Enzymes are proteins found in living things that put things together for your body OR break them apart for your body. They speed the reactions in digestion of food. (In other words, helps out with our metabolism) Bio-molecule: Proteins

Salivary Amylase is an example of an enzyme found in your saliva that helps break down carbohydrates.

A __________ is a biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a 1:2:1 ratio of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon. Question 1 D. fatty acid C. protein B. lipid A. carbohydrate Section 3 Check

The answer is A. Lipids are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen, and proteins contain nitrogen in addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Section 3 Check Answer:

In which type of bio-molecule can give you energy, but also contains nitrogen? Question 2 D. fatty acid C. protein B. lipid A. carbohydrate Section 3 Check

Describe an enzyme and its function. Question 3 Section 3 Check

An enzyme is a protein that enables other molecules to undergo chemical changes to form new products. Enzymes increase the speed of reactions that would otherwise proceed too slowly. Substrate Active site Section 3 Check Answer:

6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages Lipids are large biomolecules that are insoluble (cannot dissolve) in water. (Examples: fats, oils, waxes, steroids) They are diverse in structure and function, but all are insoluble. Bio-molecule: Lipids

Lipids are insoluble because part of these molecule’s structure is Hydrophobic OR repels water molecules.

Some lipids make up the membrane that wraps around our cells. Fats are lipids that store energy.

6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages Fats and oils are made of fatty acids chains linked to a molecule of glycerol. Fatty acid chains Sub-units

Bio-molecule: Lipids Types of fatty acid chains: Saturated Fatty Acids (Animal Fat, Lard, Solid at Room Temp) No double bonds- Bad Fat Unsaturated Fatty Acid (Fish, Plants, Liquid at Room Temp) Double bonds- Good Fat A fatty acid is a long chain of carbon and hydrogen. Glycerol is an alcohol molecule. Mono-unsaturated Poly-unsaturated

Steroids are structured in rings- but still a part of the lipid family Examples: Cholesterol, Estrogen, and Testosterone. Bio-molecule: Lipids

6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages A nucleic acid is a complex biomolecule that stores cellular information in the form of a code. (They provide directions for building proteins) Bio-molecule: Nucleic Acids

6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages There are two main types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Master code of an organism’s information Bio-molecule: Nucleic Acids RNA (ribonucleic acid) Helps make proteins by making copies of the DNA code.

Bio-molecule: Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are large molecules made of smaller subunits called nucleotides.

Bio-molecule: Nucleic Acids Interestingly, some nucleotides can perform important actions as individual molecules. The most common is ATP. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is the primary energy provider of all cellular actions. Energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphates.

What is atp ? Adenosine Triphosphate ATP is the high-energy molecule that stores the energy we need to do just about everything we do.