Karaganda State Medical University Department of History of Kazakhstan and Social-Political Disciplines Lecturer: Nazgul Mingisheva Karaganda 2014 Sociology. Lecture 3 Specialized theories in sociology. Applied sociology Specialty: 5B “General Medicine” Course: 2 Hours: 2

References: Hallinan, M.T. (Ed.) Handbook of the Sociology of Education. USA: Springer, 2000 Janoski, T., Alford, R., Hicks, A. and Schwarts, M.A. (eds) The Handbook of Political Sociology: States, Civil Societies, and Globalization. Cambridge University Press, 2005 Smelser, N.J. and Swedberg, R. (eds) The Handbook of Economic Sociology. Princeton University Press, 2005 Jacobs, M.D. and Weiss, N. The Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Culture. Blackwell Publishing, 2005

Plan: Sociology of Education Medical Sociology Political Sociology Economic Sociology Sociology of Family Sociology of Culture Sociology of Mass Communication Research methods in Sociology

Sociology of Education Key issues and concepts: - Race, ethnicity and education - Equality and education, social class and education - Development of education - Research in the Sociology of Education - Education and globalization - Gender and education - Regulations of education

Medical Sociology Key issues and concepts: - Social patterning of health (social class, gender, ethnicity, age, etc.) - Experience of illness (medicalization, illness behavior, illness narratives, quality of life, etc.) - Health, knowledge and practice (medical model, medical technologies, social constructionism, reproduction, etc.)

Medical Sociology Key issues and concepts: - Health work and the division of labor (professions and professionalization, medical autonomy and medical dominance, emotional labor, informal care, etc.) - Health care organization and policy (hospitals and health care organizations, social problems and health, the new public health, etc.)

Political Sociology Key issues and concepts: - Theories of Political Sociology - Civil society: the roots and processes of political action - The state and its manifestations - State policy and innovations - Globalization and Political Sociology: social movements, citizenship, democracy

Economic Sociology Key issues and concepts: - Economic systems, institutions and behavior - Intersections of the economy: state, law, education, religion, gender, ethnicity, technologies, environment - Economy and globalization - Social identities and economic divisions: class, inequality - Economic culture and the culture of the economy

Sociology of Family Key issues and concepts: - Families in a global world: changes and trends - Life-course perspectives on the family: generations, parents, children, time - Inequality and diversity: social capital, state, health care, immigrant families, poor

Sociology of Family Key issues and concepts: - Changing family forms and relationships: religion, gender roles, children, divorce, etc. - Changing social contexts in family: work, public policy, feminism, etc.

Sociology of Culture Key issues and concepts: - Theory and method in the Sociology of Culture (structure, agency, cognition) - Cultural systems (global knowledge societies, media culture, religion as a cultural system) - Everyday life and the construction of meaning (music and social experience, consumer culture, reality TV)

Sociology of Culture Key issues and concepts: - Identity and difference (new developments in culture, religion, race, ethnicity) - Museums, collective memory, and cultural amnesia - The culture of institutions - The culture of citizenship: local, national, global

Sociology of Mass Communication Key issues and concepts: - Globalization and identity crisis: the new global media - Culture, community and identity: the meaning of media and the uses of media - Communication, space and time - Tradition and translation: national culture in global context

Research methods in Sociology Sociological research is based on the use of empirical data to substantiate concepts and theories and to test hypotheses. Empirical data: Facts we observe, measure, and verify with our senses Concept: A simple, abstract construct (idea) that represents some aspects of the world

Research methods in Sociology Theory: a formal statement that attempts to explain a phenomenon by attributing it to particular relationships among a group of concepts Hypothesis: An educated guess or proposition about the relationship between two or more phenomena that is stated in testable form

Methods of gathering data: Surveys: People are asked to respond to a prepared set of questions or statements in either a verbal interview or a written questionnaire In-Depth Interviews: People are asked to respond at length to a series of questions posed by the researcher. Questions may be fixed in advance or the interviewer may allow open-ended discussion

Methods of gathering data: Field Research (Participant Observation): Researchers observe and talk to people in their ordinary settings while sometimes joining in their activities Document Study: Data is gathered from documents such as newspaper articles, marriage records, or diaries

Methods of gathering data: Experiments: A method used to test a specific hypothesis about a cause and effect relationship. An experiment has three steps: (1) measuring the effect variable; (2) exposing the effect variable to the cause variable; and (3) measuring the effect variable again to see if a change has occurred. Any factors that might affect the two variables being measured and that are not part of the casual relationship being tested must be controlled.