INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT Valeria Shanks Education 8841 Diffusion and Integration of Technology in Education

INTRODUCTION What is the significance of Innovation development for computer technology in K-12 schools?

WHY WAS THERE A NEED TO INTRODUCE TECHNOLOGY? Competition with Russia’s space program

RESEARCH What organization (people) developed a solution to the problem? What were the findings? Who were the lead thinkers for innovation of computer technology?

DEVELOPMENT What problems were encountered in the development process? Who was the intended audience for computer technology?

COMMERCIALIZATION Process for production, manufacturing, packaging, marketing, and distribution for Apple which was the first company to donate computers to schools.

Computers evolve through innovation-decision process

Stage 1—Knowledge Computer innovation Apple I PC computers are donated to classrooms

Stage II-Persuasion Personal computers popularity grows worldwide IBM develops drill and practice software for schools

Stages 3 and 4 Decision/Implementation 1983 Apple II computer gains acceptance into classrooms

Stage 5--Confirmation 1984—Apple Macintosh computer is developed 1986– K-12 schools use computers for instruction and guidance purposes 1990—Multimedia PCs are developed 1994—multimedia capabilities are popularized in schools 1995—and beyond Internet gains popularity in schools

Timeline for computer innovation decision process YEARIMPACT/RESULT 1965Mainframes/minicomputers used in school administration and counseling 1971Micro processors are developed PCs are used in businesses 1971Mainframes/minicomputers used in business 1975Apple I PC computers are donated to classrooms 1979Personal Computers grow in worldwide popularity 1981IBM develops drill and practice software for schools 1983Apple II computer gains acceptance in classrooms 1984Apple Macintosh computer is developed 1986K-12 schools use computers for instruction and guidance purposes 1990 and beyondMultimedia PCs are developed and multimedia capabilities are popularized in schools Internet gains popularity in schools and becomes an invaluable resource for educators Google and Yahoo become popular web search engines

Innovativeness and Five Adopter Categories Innovators: Venturesome Early AdoptersRespect Early MajorityDeliberate Late MajoritySkeptical Laggards: TraditionalTraditional

Rogers’ (2003) Diffusion of Innovations

S Curve for Computers The S Curve for the Personal computer has reached maturity.

REFERENCES A brief history of computers in education (n.d.)Science and Technology Communications. Retrieved from history-of-computers-in-education.htmhttp://mstf.org/a-brief- history-of-computers-in-education.htm Apple Computer Inc. (n.d.) Early History Retrieved from EARLY-HISTORY.html Cator, K. (2011). Cator says national tech plan puts learning first. T.H.E. Journal, 38 (1). Lu, R., Overbaugh, R. (2009). School environment and technology implementation in K-12 classrooms. Computers in the Schools, , DOI: / Murdock, Everett (2007) History, the History of Computers, and the History of Computers in Education. Retrieved from Rogers, E. (1962) Diffusion of innovations. Free Press, London, NY, USA. Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). New York, NY: Free Press. Zuniga, R., (2010) Computer Technology Integration Into the Public School Classroom - A Qualitative Update. Academic Leadership the Online Journal. Retrieved from _A_Qualitative_Update