1 Chapter 4 Atoms and Elements 4.2 The Periodic Table Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Lithium, sodium, and potassium are three elements in the alkali metal family, Group 1A (1).

2 Groups and Periods On the periodic table elements are arranged according to similar properties groups contain elements with similar properties in vertical columns periods are horizontal rows of elements Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

3 Groups and Periods Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. On the periodic table, each vertical column represents a group of elements, and each horizontal row of elements represents a period.

4 Periodic Table Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Groups and periods on the periodic table.

5 Group Numbers use the letter A for the representative elements 1A to 8A and the letter B for the transition elements also use numbers 1-18 for the columns from left to right Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

6 Names of Some Representative Elements Several groups of representative elements are known by common names. Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

7 Alkali Metals Group 1A (1), the alkali metals, includes lithium, sodium, and potassium. Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Lithium, sodium, and potassium are three elements in the alkali metal family, Group 1A (1).

8 Halogens Group 7A (17) the halogens, includes chlorine bromine iodine Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Chlorine, bromine, and iodine are three halogens from Group 7A (17).

9 Identify the element described by the following: A. Group 7A (17), Period 4 1) Br2) Cl 3) Mn B. Group 2A (2), Period 3 1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron C. Group 5A (15), Period 2 1) phosphorus 2) arsenic 3) nitrogen Learning Check Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

10 A. Group 7A (17), Period 4 1) Br B. Group 2A (2), Period 3 2) magnesium C. Group 5A (15), Period 2 3) nitrogen Solution Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

11 Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids The heavy zigzag line on the periodic table separates metals and nonmetals. Metals are located to the left Nonmetals are located to the right Metalloids are located along the heavy zigzag line between the metals and nonmetals Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

12 Metals are shiny and ductile are good conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals are dull, brittle, and poor conductors are good insulators Metalloids are better conductors than nonmetals, but not as good as metals are used as semiconductors and insulators Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

13 Comparing A Metal, Metalloid, and Nonmetal Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

14 Identify each of the following elements as 1) metal 2) nonmetal 3) metalloid A. sodium____ B. chlorine____ C. silicon ____ D. iron____ E. carbon____ Learning Check Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

15 Identify each of the following elements as 1) metal 2) nonmetal 3) metalloid A. sodium1) metal B. chlorine2) nonmetal C. silicon 3) metalloid D. iron1) metal E. carbon2) nonmetal Solution Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

16 Match the elements to the description: A. Metals in Group 4A (14) 1) Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn B. Nonmetals in Group 5A (15) 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P3) N, P, As, Sb C. Metalloids in Group 4A (14) 1) C, Si, Ge, 2) Si, Ge 3) Si, Ge, Sn, Pb Learning Check Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

17 Match the elements to the description: A. Metals in Group 4A (14) 1) Sn, Pb B. Nonmetals in Group 5A (15) 2) N, P C. Metalloids in Group 4A (14) 2) Si, Ge Solution Basic Chemistry Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.