SELF TEST & REVIEW 5.1 The Sphere Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response

INTRODUCTIONS

REVIEW TEST Answer these 15 questions as well as you can, there may be more than one correct answer. 1. The Sphere project is a collection of different organizations’ and agencies’ unique requirements for provision of humanitarian services in several sectors. T F

2. The Humanitarian Charter is based on the principles and provisions of international humanitarian law, international human rights law, refugee law, and the Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief. T F

The right to life with dignity Distinction between just and unjust war 3. Check the three key principles below that are reflected in the Charter: The right to life with dignity Distinction between just and unjust war The principle of non-refoulement Distinction between combatants and non-combatants Access to sustained and adequate health care Freedom of expression Access to humanitarian space

The Humanitarian Charter Common Standards Minimum Standards 4. Which of the following are integral to the structure of the Sphere book: The Humanitarian Charter Common Standards Case-Study Examples of Humanitarian Response Minimum Standards Key Indicators Key Strategies Guidance notes Code of Conduct

People have adequate numbers of toilets... 5. Examples of Sphere standards in the provision of sanitation include: People have adequate numbers of toilets... At least every four families have access to a latrine People have an environment that is acceptably uncontaminated by solid waste… No dwelling is more than 15 meters from a refuse container A maximum of 20 people use each toilet At least one 100 liter refuse container is available per 10 families…

DOMISTAN STAR SCENARIO DOMISTAN DOMISTAN STAR Salt Island SHIP FORCED BACK PACIFIC STATES NAVAL FLEET Salt Island (protectorate of P.S.) PACIFIC STATES

DOMISTAN STAR File photo

DOMISTAN STAR FACTS:         The ship captain admits illegal trafficking First report is of 800 people living in shipping containers Pacific States have absolutely refused landing on the continent Salt Island administrator is awaiting advice before allowing landing People have completely exhausted their food and water reserves People have been aboard for 3 weeks - future is uncertain Ship’s owner demands to unload people at Salt Island Talks are at a stalemate        

DOMISTAN STAR DIAGRAMS SECTION PLAN

LARGE CONTAINER 12 m 2.4 m 6 m SMALL CONTAINER Domistan Star Shipping Containers

6. Use of Sphere approach in response to this situation could reasonably include: Use of standards to advocate for migrants’ rights Use of Charter to advocate for non-return of passengers Use of indicators to plan for immediate humanitarian aid Use of Charter to guide immediate on-board assessment Use of code of conduct to guide humanitarian response in the midst of political discussion Use of indicators to demand landing of passengers on Salt Island

7. Which of the following are Sphere indicators that might apply in this case: People have access to 15 liters of water p/p/d People’s safe access to market goods and services as producers, consumers and traders is protected No more than 20 people per latrine Organizations, programmes and projects that either cannot address identified needs or are unable to attain them make any gaps known so that others may assist Women, men and children from all affected groups are regularly consulted, and are involved in monitoring activities

8. Scurvy has been reported among the passengers by the first arriving emergency health team - this fact alone is an indicator that nutrition standards are not being met. T F

9. First responders report that up to 20 people are sheltering in small un-insulated containers like the one shown below. Based purely on shelter space indicators, this should be adequate for the passengers until the situation is resolved. 2.4 m 6 m T F

10. The passengers have been allowed to land at Salt Island 10. The passengers have been allowed to land at Salt Island. Their status as refugees, illegal migrants, or victims of illegal trafficking, however, is still uncertain. Nobody knows how long these people may have to remain on Salt Island while high-level political negotiations continue. A Pacific States - based NGO has agreed to provide food for these people until a permanent solution can be found. Which of the following indicators are correct for determining the amount and types of food to be supplied according to Sphere? 2100 kcal p/p/d 1900 kcal p/p/d 40-50% of total energy provided by protein 10-12% of total energy provided by protein 17% of total energy provided by fat 27% of total energy provided by fat

People are aware of the quantity and type of ration to be distributed 11. Which of the following are Sphere indicators that might apply in this case: People are aware of the quantity and type of ration to be distributed People have access to 15 liters of water p/p/d No more than 20 people per latrine All staff working on a food aid program are informed of the purpose and methods of activities they are asked to carry out Women, men and children from the affected population are regularly consulted, and are involved in monitoring activities

12. Due to developments in the region, approximately 20,000 Domistani people are to be relocated to Salt Island from detention centers and other holding facilities. Your organization has been requested to develop a site plan for a “camp” to be built by the Pacific States Military Forces. Using Sphere indicators as a basic planning tool, about how big should the site be? About 1 square kilometer About 4 square kilometers About 8 square kilometers There is no indicator for overall site area per person

13. Several NGOs and UN agencies have been carrying out assessments and programming missions to Salt Island. The Sphere materials and approach might benefit this activity in which of the following ways? Improved coordination through shared standards Requiring inter-agency and multi-sectoral analysis Helping relate particular groups’ needs to unique standards of service as dictated by organizational mandates (refugees, children, women, elderly, for example) Providing checklists for initial assessments

14. A measles outbreak has been reported in the newly established camp at Salt Island. Which of these indicators apply? At least 95% of children 6 months to 15 years old receive a dose of measles vaccine Newcomers are vaccinated systematically At least 95% of children from 6 months to 59 months receive a dose of vitamin A Initiation of outbreak investigation occurs within 24 hours of notification

15. Health programs are beginning for the population at Salt Island 15. Health programs are beginning for the population at Salt Island. Several new NGOs are undertaking these tasks. Which indicators below might apply to the organization of these programs. Representatives of the Ministry of Health lead the health sector response whenever possible Regular health sector coordination meetings are held for local and external partners at both central and field levels Women and men from the disaster-affected, and wider local population are consulted, and are involved in decision-making ...

How well did you do? Here are the answers.

QUICK PRETEST Answer these 15 questions as well as you can, there may be more than one correct answer. 1. The Sphere project is a collection of different organizations’ and agencies’ unique requirements for provision of humanitarian services in several sectors. T F It is a collection of shared principles, standards, indicators and guidance

2. The Humanitarian Charter is based on the principles and provisions of international humanitarian law, international human rights law, refugee law, and the Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief. T F Yes, that’s true

The right to life with dignity Distinction between just and unjust war 3. Check the three key principles below that are reflected in the Charter: The right to life with dignity Distinction between just and unjust war The principle of non-refoulement Distinction between combatants and non-combatants Access to sustained and adequate health care Freedom of expression Access to humanitarian space * Based on Human Rights, Humanitarian, and Refugee Law

The Humanitarian Charter Common Standards Minimum Standards 4. Which of the following are integral to the structure of the Sphere book: The Humanitarian Charter Common Standards Case-Study Examples of Humanitarian Response Minimum Standards Key Indicators Key Strategies Guidance notes Code of Conduct * It’s true – check it out.

People have adequate numbers of toilets... 5. Examples of Sphere standards in the provision of sanitation include: People have adequate numbers of toilets... At least every four families have access to a latrine People have an environment that is acceptably uncontaminated by solid waste… No dwelling is more than 15 meters from a refuse container A maximum of 20 people use each toilet At least one 100 liter refuse container is available per 10 families… * The others are INDICATORS – not STANDARDS

DOMISTAN STAR SCENARIO DOMISTAN DOMISTAN STAR Salt Island SHIP FORCED BACK PACIFIC STATES NAVAL FLEET Salt Island (protectorate of P.S.) PACIFIC STATES

DOMISTAN STAR File photo

DOMISTAN STAR FACTS:         The ship captain admits illegal trafficking First report is of 800 people living in shipping containers Pacific States have absolutely refused landing on the continent Salt Island administrator is awaiting advice before allowing landing People have completely exhausted their food and water reserves People have been aboard for 3 weeks - future is uncertain Ship’s owner demands to unload people at Salt Island Talks are at a stalemate        

DOMISTAN STAR DIAGRAMS SECTION PLAN

LARGE CONTAINER 12 m 2.4 m 6 m SMALL CONTAINER Domistan Star Shipping Containers

6. Use of Sphere approach in response to this situation could reasonably include: Use of standards to advocate for migrants’ rights Use of Charter to advocate for non-return of passengers Use of indicators to plan for immediate humanitarian aid Use of Charter to guide immediate on-board assessment Use of code of conduct to guide humanitarian response in the midst of political discussion Use of indicators to demand landing of passengers on Salt Island

7. Which of the following are Sphere indicators that might apply in this case: People have access to 15 liters of water p/p/d People’s safe access to market goods and services as producers, consumers and traders is protected No more than 20 people per latrine Organizations, programmes and projects that either cannot address identified needs or are unable to attain them make any gaps known so that others may assist Women, men and children from all affected groups are regularly consulted, and are involved in monitoring activities

8. Scurvy has been reported among the passengers by the first arriving emergency health team - this fact alone is an indicator that nutrition standards are not being met. T F Yes, that’s true, see page 138 – also pellagra, beri-beri, and riboflavin deficiencies would be considered key indicators

9. First responders report that up to 20 people are sheltering in small un-insulated containers like the one shown below. Based purely on shelter space indicators, this should be adequate for the passengers until the situation is resolved. 2.4 m 6 m T F See page 219 – area required is 3.5 m2 /person….this situation provides only 0.72 m2 /person

10. The passengers have been allowed to land at Salt Island 10. The passengers have been allowed to land at Salt Island. Their status as refugees, illegal migrants, or victims of illegal trafficking, however, is still uncertain. Nobody knows how long these people may have to remain on Salt Island while high-level political negotiations continue. A Pacific States - based NGO has agreed to provide food for these people until a permanent solution can be found. Which of the following indicators are correct for determining the amount and types of food to be supplied according to Sphere? 2100 kcal p/p/d 1900 kcal p/p/d 40-50% of total energy provided by protein 10-12% of total energy provided by protein 17% of total energy provided by fat 27% of total energy provided by fat See page 138

People are aware of the quantity and type of ration to be distributed 11. Which of the following are Sphere indicators that might apply in this case: People are aware of the quantity and type of ration to be distributed People have access to 15 liters of water p/p/d No more than 20 people per latrine All staff working on a food aid program are informed of the purpose and methods of activities they are asked to carry out Women, men and children from the affected population are regularly consulted, and are involved in monitoring activities

12. Due to developments in the region, approximately 20,000 Domistani people are to be relocated to Salt Island from detention centers and other holding facilities. Your organization has been requested to develop a site plan for a “camp” to be built by the Pacific States Military Forces. Using Sphere indicators as a basic planning tool, about how big should the site be? About 1 square kilometer About 4 square kilometers About 8 square kilometers There is no indicator for overall site area per person Yes, that’s true, see page 216 – @ 45m2 / person

13. Several NGOs and UN agencies have been carrying out assessments and programming missions to Salt Island. The Sphere materials and approach might benefit this activity in which of the following ways? Improved coordination through shared standards Requiring inter-agency and multi-sectoral analysis Helping relate particular groups’ needs to unique standards of service as dictated by organizational mandates (refugees, children, women, elderly, for example) Providing checklists for initial assessments

14. A measles outbreak has been reported in the newly established camp at Salt Island. Which of these indicators apply? At least 95% of children 6 months to 15 years old receive a dose of measles vaccine Newcomers are vaccinated systematically At least 95% of children from 6 months to 59 months receive a dose of vitamin A Initiation of outbreak investigation occurs within 24 hours of notification See page 275 – measles is bad!

15. Health programs are beginning for the population at Salt Island 15. Health programs are beginning for the population at Salt Island. Several new NGOs are undertaking these tasks. Which indicators below might apply to the organization of these programs. Representatives of the Ministry of Health lead the health sector response whenever possible Regular health sector coordination meetings are held for local and external partners at both central and field levels Women and men from the disaster-affected, and wider local population are consulted, and are involved in decision-making ...

How well did you really do? What have you learned this week & what do you still need to know?