Sachiko Ishikawa Senior Advisor, Japan International Cooperation Agency 26 February 2015 Phnom Penh, Cambodia The Responsibility to Protect at 10: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities in the Asia Pacific in the context of Japan’s Assistance to the Southeast Asia

2 1. Although there are clear distinctions between R2P and human security in the UN context, recent developments of R2P provide room to accommodate the actions of human security on the ground. 2. Aside from Japan’s political advocacy, there are some empirical evidences of Pillar II collaboration in the field. 3. Recent cabinet decision on Japan’s Development Cooperation Charter widens the range of development cooperation to include human rights and humanitarian assistance. This enables her development assistance (which is based on human security) to more tangibly contribute to Pillar II. 4. In the context of ASEAN, Japan’s new “Development Cooperation” is eligible to collaborate with ASEAN institutions such as AIPR and AICHR, aside from bilateral cooperation with the Member States.

1994 UNDP Human Development Report 1994 Rwanda Kosovo 1999 Human Security Network 2000 CISS 2001 Report “The R2P” 2005 A/RES/60/1(World Summit) 2009 A/63/677 (three pillars) 2009 A/RES/63/ A/64/ A/65/877 –S2011/393 (global-regional) 2012 A/66/847-S/2012/578 (timely and decisive) 2013 A/67/929-S/2013/339 (state responsibility & prevention) 2014 A/68/947-S/2014/449 (international assistance) Narrow but Deep 2000 Millennium Summit (MDGs) 1999 UN Trust Fund for HS($426 M) Asian Financial Crisis Commission on HS 2003 “Human Security Now” 2005 A/RES/60/1(World Summit) 2006 Friends of Human Security 2010 A/64 / A/66/ 763 (Common understanding & priority) 2012 A/RES/66/290 (Common understanding on HS) 2013 A/168/685 (A life of dignity for all) No force Respect state sovereignty Collabora -tion ?

4 1. Assisting States to protect their populations  Japan’s participation in International Monitoring Team (IMT) in Mindanao ✔ Sovereignty equality ✔ Collective responsibility ✔ Common principles of assistance ✔ Partnerships 2. Dealing with past atrocities  Technical Assistance to Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum on museum management  Technical assistance to Timor Leste’s Truth & Reconciliation Commission, etc

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IMT Observes/Monitors implementation of ceasefire GPH-MILF AHJAG GPH-MILF CCCH LMT International Contact Group (ICG) – UK, Japan, Turkey, KSA, TAF, CHD, CR, OIC and Muhammadiyah Security (Sub-Comp) Malaysia, Brunei, Norway, Indonesia Humanitarian, Rehab, Dev’t (Sub-Comp) - EU Socio-Econ (Sub-Comp) Japan Civilian Prot. Comp. NPP,MPC,MOGOP, MINHRAC PEACE NEGOTIATIONS FRAMEWORK Malaysian Facilitator MILF PanelGPH Panel Donors & Aid Agencies REHABILITATION/ DEVELOPMENT -Bangsamoro Dev’t Agency (BDA) – created to determine, lead, manage rehab/dev’t projects in conflict- affected areas. BDA GPH INSTITUTIONS Line Agencies, ARMM, LGU, etc.

HOM Deputy HOM SECURITY COMPONENT MALAYSIA (12) BRUNEI (15) NORWAY (1) *-1 INDONESIA (14) EU (1) *-1 MALAYSIA (1) INDONESIA (1) SOCIO- ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE COMPONENT JAPAN (2) CIVILIAN PROTECTION COMPONENT MALAYSIA (2) MPC, NP, MOGOP, MINHRAC MALAYSIA SECRETARIAT(4) HUMANITARIAN REHAB & DEV’T COMPONENT TEAM SITE 1 COTABATO CITY TEAM SITE 2 ILIGAN CITY TEAM SITE 3 ZAMBOANGA CITY TEAM SITE 4 GENSAN CITY TEAM SITE 5 DAVAO CITY

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9 Cabinet decision on the Development Cooperation Charter on 10 February “Development” is used in a broader sense: its also encompasses peacebuilding and governance, promotion of basic human rights and humanitarian assistance. 2. Basic policies of the Charter are “non-military basis”, “human security” and “self-help” 3. Coordination with international peace cooperation activities is emphasized 4. Proactive collaboration with international organizations in humanitarian assistance, peacebuilding, governance and global issues. 5. ASEAN is one of the priority areas for Japan’s development cooperation. Aside from “ASEAN Connectivity” and “IAI”, Japan will promote cooperation with ASEAN as a regional organization to support united efforts to tackle its challenges ✔ Cooperation with AIPR and AICHR is possible

10 1. There is a big potential for States promoting “human Security” to extend effective collaboration under Pillar II of R2P. We might need a clear narrative in terms of this new development. 2. As for Japan, collaboration under Pillar II is already taking place in real life situations. Aside from this, Development Cooperation Charter has widened the scope of “development” and reconfirmed the enhancement of PKO cooperation as well as collaboration with international organizations in humanitarian assistance, peacebuilding, governance and global issues. This is a clear sign of Japan’s contribution to Pillar II. 3. Japan’s continuous collaboration with ASEAN could enter a new phase by working with ASEAN institutions such as AIPR and AICHR. This could also be considered her contribution to capacity- building in the context of Pillar II.