Prepared by: Julio Amador III Seth Binder Ranitya Kusumadewi Carlos M. Wong Independent Consultants Inc.

The US Department of State believes that some humanitarian aid funded by the US is diverted to terrorist organizations and the Assad regime.

 500,000 refugees  1.2 million internally displaced  Estimated Total Number Displaced to Turkey 120,147  Estimated Total Number Displaced to Lebanon 127,420  Estimated Total Number Displaced to Jordan 123,076  Estimated Total Number Displaced to Iraq 54,175

 U.S. provided $200 million, $112 million inside Syria, $88 million to surrounding countries  E.U. provided $367 million  Others $174 million  Saudi Arabia $72 million  China $7 million  Russia $8 million

 Food and water  Clothing  Shelter  Medical supplies  Educational supplies  Logistics

 Basic appropriation process  President has full discretion as to how he distributes the aid  Cannot contradict U.S. Law  Delegated Authority to Department of State (Secretary of State) -DoS in charge of Foreign Aid -USAID in charge of Humanitarian Aid

 Foreign Aid (USAID/OFDA) ◦ Non-Food Humanitarian Aid  Food (USAID/FFP) ◦ Food Based Humanitarian Aid

 Preventing use of US humanitarian aid to terrorist groups and the Assad Regime ◦ establish guidelines on how US funds committed to humanitarian aid are used. ◦ accreditation system needs to be created to screen local NGO partners in Syria. ◦ establish a post-disbursement mechanism to determine whether aid is use properly.

 Coordinated humanitarian aid delivery ◦ Work with the governments of neighboring countries to help vulnerable Syrians. ◦ Increase aid to Syria’s neighboring countries that are receiving Syrian refugees. ◦ Diplomatically active with partner states to guarantee the delivery of humanitarian aid.  possibility of humanitarian plan ◦ Increased commitment on delivering the humanitarian aid both financial and non- monetary.

 Increase diplomatic initiatives with allies and other countries ◦ Encourage allies such as Israel to donate funds for the humanitarian aid effort. ◦ A fund for Syria should be established that shall be bankrolled by major powers for post-conflict reconstruction.

 Beyond 2012, the State Department must have stricter rules governing humanitarian aid if further assistance shall be allocated to Syrian IDPs and refugees.  The US also needs stronger coordination in humanitarian aid delivery and increase diplomatic initiatives with allies and other countries.