Video Production for Education & Training Bill Duff, Jr. Copyright 1999 College of Human Resources & Education West Virginia University

Sound Audio –of or relating to sound or its reproduction used in the transmission or reception of acoustic, mechanical, or electrical frequencies corresponding to normally audible sound waves which are of frequencies approximately from 15 to 20,000 hertz –or simply put, utilizing recorded sound

Sound Sound has two basic characteristics: –loudness & frequency –sound loudness is measured in decibels (dB’s)

Sound –SounddBs Jet Aircraft Taking Off 140 Rock Concert120 Jackhammer at 15 meters (50 feet)85 Average City Street75 Normal Conversation60 Office Environment45 Whisper at 3 meters (10 feet)30 "Silent" TV Studio20

Sound 2 types VU Meters:

Sound Frequency relates to the basic pitch of a sound Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz)

Sound Graphic Equalizer allows specific bands of frequencies to be individually adjusted for loudness.

Sound Sound is affected by acoustics

Sound 3 types: dialog sound effects music

Sound Sound is captured by a device called the microphone or mic

Sound 6 basic types: hand held lavaliere / clip-on mic shotgun boundary effect microphone contact mics studio microphones

Sound Directional capabilities omnidirectional bi-directional unidirectional

Sound Dynamic microphones Condenser microphones

Sound Dynamic Mic Advantages Condenser Mic Advantages RuggedMore Sensitive Lower CostBetter Audio Quality No Power Required Need Power Dynamic Disadvantages Condenser Disadvantages Lower Sensitivity & Power Output Higher self- noise Larger and Heavier More Fragile Slower Response Time More Expensive Not the Best Choice for Prone to Weather Maximum Audio Quality Problems, RF Interference

Sound Mic’s - cables - patch bay - sound board

Sound Positioning mic’s near the heart away from jewelry rubbing against clothing hiding the cord strain relief

Sound Wireless mic’s no wires dead areas interference

Sound Wireless mic’s UHF vs VHF Multiple mic’s

Sound 3 types: dialog sound effects music

Sound 3 types: dialog sound effects music

Sound Buyout music MIDI

Sound MIDI - Musical Instrument Digital Interface –Timing critical –Disc space critical –Computer processing resources critical

Sound Audio must constantly be adjusted for level control (mixing)

Sound Playback Reel to reel 8 track cassette CD’s DAT (digital audio tape)

VCR Tape Yellow Lines – Control & Audio Tracks Blue lines – One field of video

VCR Tape Green Lines – Record/Playback Heads Blue line – One field of video

VCR Tape

Editing Rules for editing: 1.Keep continuity 2.Cut on movement 3.Cut from scene once idea is made 4.Use inserts 5.If in doubt, leave it out

Editing Linear or A-B Roll Editing Non-linear – Dedicated or Computer- based systems like Avid, Chyron, Premier, Pinnacle, Imovie, Final Cut Pro, etc

Editing Linear or A-B Roll Editing

Editing Linear or A-B Roll Editing

Editing Non-linear Ulead Software

Editing Non-linear Ulead Software

Editing Capture Shots/Libraries Timeline

Editing Transitions

Editing On-the-fly-editing: Use pause button