IMPOSSIBLE?!? “NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE! THE WORD ITSELF SAYS “I’M POSSIBLE.” -AUDREY HEPBURN

CASE #4 Feline Upper Respiratory Disease Complex See Ch. 11 pgs194,

PATIENT PRESENTATION  SIGNALMENT: ~8 week old intact, male kitten, DSH  PRESENTING COMPLAINT: mucopurulent ocular/nasal discharge, congestion, head shaking, sneezing, inappetance – has gotten progressively worse in the last week  Hx: owner has been feeding a family of stray cats outside her home. Several of the kittens look like this. This is the only kitten she could catch

PATIENT PRESENTATION  Hx: no known vaccinations  PHYSICAL EXAM  Patient is QAR  Temp: 104.1, HR: 200, RR:40  Audible upper respiratory congestion  dehydrated  Mm: pale pk, CRT: 2 sec

DIAGNOSTICS  DIAGNOSTICS  Clinical signs  Nasal, pharyngeal swabs to send for virus isolation to an outside lab  DIAGNOSIS: Upper Respiratory Infection  Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis(FVR)  Feline Herpesvirus-1  Feline Calicivirus (FCV)  80-90% of all URI is caused by 1 of these 2 viruses Chlamydophila felis  Bordetella  Mycoplasma

DIAGNOSIS: Differentiating the causes Sneezing is common in all Upper repiratory disease Corneal ulceration is associated with Herpesvirus Coughing is associated with Bordetella or mycoplasma Oral ulcers are associated with calicivirus

TREATMENT  FLUIDS  ANTIBIOTICS  NURSING CARE  Warm, clean  Force feed, warm, food  Pain meds for oral or corneal ulcers  DECREASE STRESS  AVOID STEROIDS  ANTIVIRALS  Idoxuridine topical ophthalmic solution

PROGNOSIS & CLIENT INFORMATION  Both FVR and FCV are highly contagious  Transmitted via fomites (hands, clothes) and aerosolization of respiratory droplets within 5 feet  Morbidity is high, mortality is low  Oral ulcers can last 7-10 days

PREVENTION  VACCINATION  Vaccines will reduce severity and duration of clinical signs  ISOLATION OF AFFECTED ANIMALS

CASE #5 Feline Panleukopenia

PATIENT PRESENTATION W7E

PATIENT PRESENTATION  SIGNALMENT: 6week old, intact female, DSH  PRESENTING COMPLAINTS: kitten is depressed and appears to be very thin, has blood-tinged diarrhea, occasional vomiting  Hx: client lives in an apartment complex and found this kitten outside.

PATIENT PRESENTATION  PHYSICAL EXAM FINDINGS  103°  dehydrated  Ataxic, unstable  Lethargic  Fecal-soiled rear-end

DIAGNOSTICS  CBC  Moderate to severe panleukopenia  Positive parvovirus snap test  Antibody titers  Virus isolation is difficult  PCR for detection of viral DNA

TREATMENT  Maintain hydration and electrolyte balance  Force-feeding  Broad-spectrum antibiotics

PREVENTION & CLIENT INFO  Proper vaccination is required to prevent disease  Like canine parvovirus, this virus can remain in the environment for years.  Infected cats should be isolated as all body secretions contain the virus  Transmission is through direct contact or contaminated environment

CASE #6 Feline Infectious Peritonitis

PATIENT PRESENTATION

PATIENT PRESENATION  SIGNALMENT: 3mth old, intact female, DSH  PRESENTING COMPLAINT: kitten is sometimes lethargic and seems to be bloated. She eats, although appetite is decreased. Owner can still feel and see the backbone and pelvic bones.  Hx: owner is fostering a litter of kittens from a shelter for the past 3 weeks, until they are healthy enough for adoption. The kittens have had intermittent diarrhea over the past 2 weeks, but seems to be resolved

PATIENT PRESENTATION  Hx: The other 5 kittens are generally healthy  PHYSICAL EXAM:  Distended abdomen, BCS:2/5  Depression  dehydrated  Mm: pale pk, CRT:2sec  Temp: HR: 200, RR: 30

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS  FECAL  ABDOMINAL RADIOGRAPHS  CBC/SERUM CHEMISTRY  ABDOMINOCENTESIS  Cytology & chemical analysis of the fluid  ANTIBODY TITERS(?)

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

DIAGNOSTIC TEST RESULTS  FECAL(?)  There is NO “FIP SPECIFIC” antibody titer test  CBC/SERUM CHEMISTRY  Decreased protein in the blood  ABDOMINAL RADIOGRAPHS  Ascites found  ABDOMINOCENTESIS  Viscous, clear to yellow fluid, high protein, low cellularity  RIVALTA TEST positive

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Abdominocentesis

RIVALTA TEST  Fill a clear test tube ¾ full with distilled water, add one drop 98% acetic acid and mix (or vinegar).  Carefully place one drop Of the cat’s effusion on the surface of the acid.  If drop disappears Test = negative  If drop retains shape Test = positive

DIAGNOSTICS

TRANSMISSION & PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

 FIP occurs in 2 forms: the “wet” or effusive form (75%) and the non-effusive or “dry” form.  DRY FORM  Fever  Anorexia  Depression  Wt. loss  Ocular lesions – inflammation, hemorrhage  Neurologic lesions  Rarely, enlarged kidneys  This form of the disease is vague and progresses slowly – these animals may live months to years

DRY FORM UVEITIS, RETINITIS, IRITIS

FIP: DRY FORM IRREGULARLY MARGINATED KIDNEYS, POSSIBLE RENOMEGALY

TREATMENT & PREVENTION  SUPPORTIVE CARE  Thoracocentesis/abdominocentesis to make pet more comfortable  Daily steroids  Antibiotics  PREVENTION  Control of the virus shedding is key  House cats separately  Clean litter boxes frequently  The virus can last up to 4 weeks in the environment, but is killed easily by disinfectants  Lower number of cats, lower stress  No proven efficacy of the Primucell FIP vaccine

CLIENT INFO & PROGNOSIS  Clinical FIP is almost always a fatal disease with a mortality rate >95%.  Cats with the effusive form usually progress more quickly and often die within 2 months of initial diagnosis