Digital Content Protection Overview April 26, 2002

Current digital media landscape Current/emerging protection measures Future trends Issues

Content Pipes Players User interface Users Digital Media Landscape Storage

Content Types Audio-visual Sound Interactive Executables Text Other data

Digital distribution pipes Narrowband phone Broadband (Cable/DSL/Satellite) Cable DBS Broadcast (Digital TV/Radio/Datacasting) Wireless 2 way nets –2.5/3G cell –802.11x hot spots –LMDS/MMDS

Players PC’s/Info appliances TV STB’s (Digital cable/VDSL/PVR’s/ITV) DVD/DVD-R D-VHS i-DVD Game console CD MP3 MP4 PDA’s Cell phones

Digital storage media DVD CD D-VHS DAT Removeable Mag disc Hard Mag Disc Flash RAM/ROM Non volatile-RAM Micro-optical

User interface TV Stereo PC display Phone display PDA display

Users Primary –consumers Secondary –Libraries –Teachers/Students –Researchers/Developers Special needs –Disabled

Current protection measures Audio-visual –Stored media DVD CSS Macrovision D-VHS D-Theatre –Cable /satellite Conditional access systems (W/return path) –Web Proprietary DRM’s (e.g. Microsoft MRM) Open rights languages (XRML, ORDL)

Emerging protection measures Audio-visual –Stored media (DVD’s, PVR’s) CPRM/4C DTCP/5C D-Theater HDCP/DVI HDMI –Cable /satellite POD’s STB protections –4C/5C/ –HDCP/HDMI/DVI –PHILA/OCAP –Broadcast Flags Watermarks (e.g. CPRM/4C) –Web Secure PC

Current protection measures Audio –Stored media/recorders Legislation (DMCA, AHRA) CD copy protect (e.g. Cactus Data Shield) CGMS, SCMS SDMI –Web Proprietary DRM’s (e.g. Microsoft MRM) Open rights languages (XRML, ORDL) Secure audio path

Emerging protection measures Music/Audio –Stored media/recorders Watermarks for playback/copy control (e.g. Verance) DVD-audio CSS-2 –Web Secure PC

Marked Content accompanied by DRM Un- Marked Content not accompanied by DRM Marked Content not accompanied by DRM

Future trends All different player types connected in home Storage media portable between different player types Moore’s law will aggravate piracy problem –Faster pipes –Better compression –Bigger memories –Smaller storage New potential “fair uses” of rich media (distance learning) New players (e.g. MP4), pipes (Digital Terrestrial Broadcast), media types (e.g. Interactive TV)will emerge Consumers growing up with belief that “ sharing of licensed content with others is OK”

Issues Protection of unsecured content in peer-to-peer networks Affordable protection in devices (e.g. PC’s) with many inputs, internal data paths, storage devices, data types and outputs Renewability/extensibility of new measures Managing the legacy problem while enabling responsible innovation Interoperability of proprietary DRM’s and other protections Public vs. private ownership Role of government Number of distinct measures needed to accommodate variability of compute power, memory, display performance, return path etc Accommodating fair use and potential fair use applications –Consumer time shifting/portability, distance learning –Digital “check out” from libraries Achieving Multiple lines of defense for unsecured content –Playback control –Copy control –Transmission control –Forensic tracking –Renewability/revocability of all of above –Enabling new business models (e.g. super-distribution)