CPU RAM IO USB SSD GPU DIM MHZ GHZ HARDWARE

 A computing system is composed of  hardware: the physical components of the system  software: the “instructions” that control the hardware  Hardware components include:  Motherboard  Central processing unit (CPU)  Memory (RAM / Drives)  IO Devices  Video Card  Sound Card  Network Card  Light cycles  Are not part of a computing system. 2 COMPUTING SYSTEMS

3 COMPUTING SYSTEM CPU

4 HARDWARE: MOTHERBOARD

 Central Processing Unit  The ‘brains’ of the system  An electronic chip that performs instructions  A CPU can only do a few simple things:  Can add/subtract/multiply/divide two numbers  Can compare two numbers to see if one is smaller/larger  Can copy/move data from one place to another  CPU’s appear more powerful than this since these tasks are done very quickly 5 HARDWARE: CPU

6 REPAIRING A COMPUTER

 AMD quad-core Opteron  Actual size is about the size of your thumb 7 HARDWARE: CPU

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10 HARDWARE: CPU

 All information needed for computing must be “storable”  The instructions that a CPU must perform  The data that the CPU requires as input  The data that the CPU generates as output  Computer storage (or memory) is used to “remember” these things 11 HARDWARE: STORAGE

 All data is stored in binary form  The smallest binary datum is a bit (off / on)  Eight bits is a byte  Storage capacity is usually specified as the number of bytes the device can remember. 12 HARDWARE: STORAGE

 Denote an ‘on’ switch as ‘1’  Denote an ‘off’ switch as ‘0’  How many different patterns can you have with 2 bits?  How many different patterns can you have with 3 bits?  How many different patterns can you have with 8 bits?  How many different patterns can you have with N bits?  What does each pattern mean?  Could mean colors  Could mean people  Could mean numbers  Could mean characters 13 BINARY THINGS

Understanding Computer Storage Name Size Enough Raw Capacity For… NormalCS Byte11A single character KiloByte Half of a typewritten page MegaByte A short novel or single low-res photo GigaByte A symphony in hi-fidelity sound or a truck full of paper TeraByte One-tenth of the printed texts in the Library of Congress PetaByte ,000 hours of TV or all produced worldwide in a single day ExaByte Two exabytes is estimated to be all information generated worldwide in a single year. Five exabytes is all the words ever spoken by human being 14

 RAM (Random Access Memory)  PCs typically range between 4 to 64 Gigabytes of RAM 15 HARDWARE: RAM

16 HARDWARE: DISK DRIVE Data is stored by magnetically charging “bits” on a rotating disk. The “bits” are read/written by a sensor Access is slow since the head (the sensor) must be mechanically moved to the location of the bit on the disk PC typically comes with about a GigaByte disk

 Data is stored by charging small-scale “batteries” on the device.  Most flash drives have a capacity of Gigabytes 17 HARDWARE: FLASH DRIVE