Preliminary model payloads for the Ganymede Lander and the Relay orbiter 7 March, 2013 Laplace-Ganymede lander mission Oleg Korablev,

Detailed reconnaissance from JUICE for choosing the Ganymede Lander landing site Landing using (ESA) Visual Navigation System IF AVAILABLE OR a Lander robust against severe surface roughness IF POSSIBLE Telecommunication via JUICE, IF LOGISTICS PERMIT  Dedicated Ganymede orbiter for TELECOMMUNICATION, additional meter-scale mapping of the selected landing site and (some limited) SCIENCE ++ JUICERelay OrbiterGanymede Lander Ganymede Lander Mission: play safe !

Form (an ambition of) direct search for life on Europa to determining the habitability of Ganymede: Traces of life might have reached the surface IN THE PAST – Establishing geophysical and chemical context for habitability – Lander is to provide ground truth for remote measurements and enhance the detection limits Orbiter: – Landing site selection (in addition to high-resolution mapping from JUICE) – To complement JUICE (2-points observations, radioscience, etc.) – Other Jupiter system investigations, in particular those not included in JUICE – Cruise investigations Objectives

Ocean – Crust depth – Salinity – Composition – … Habitability – Ice composition – Search for paleolife – … Environment Science Themes Internal structure – Crust/ocean depth – Core size – … Surface – Regolith/ice composition – Conditions – … Exosphere Magnetosphere OROR…

InstrumentConditionsCompositionHabitabilityPrototype Mass (estimated) Seismometer  OPTIMISM/Mars 96495g +electronics Magnetometer  MMO Bepi Colombo770g TV camera set  CIVA/Rosetta; Phobos g Optical microscope  Beagle-2; Phobos 11300g IR spectroscopy  No direct prototype; technique well established (2000g) IR close-up spectrometer  CIVA/Rosetta MicrOmega/ExoMars (1000g) GCMS  GAP/Phobos 11; COSAC/Rosetta (5000g) Wet chemistry set (option 1)  Urey/ExoMars g Immuno-arrays (option 2)  SOLID/ExoMars 1 (1000g) Raman spectroscopy  RAMAN-LIBS/ExoMars g 2 Laser-ablation MS  LASMA/Phobos g XRS (TBD)  No prototype(2000g) Various sensors  MUPUS/Rosetta2350g Radiation dose  RADOM/Chandrayaan-1100g 20315g Largely applicable to Ganymede? No account for aux systems Europa Lander Model Payload

A set of instruments on the Lander – Assume max mass of instruments and aux systems of 50 kg (cf talk Maxim Martynov) to include: instruments; sampling device(s); Deployment Data handling Radiation protection for instruments out of common compartment Penetrator(s) Ganymede Surface Science T surf = 103K average Acceleration = 0.13 g Orb. period = 3.55 d Regolith thickness largely unknown, several meters reworked and refrozen Sublimated uppermost layer of few mms, below 1 cm T surf = 103K average Acceleration = 0.13 g Orb. period = 3.55 d Regolith thickness largely unknown, several meters reworked and refrozen Sublimated uppermost layer of few mms, below 1 cm

To be released from the orbit Mass 5-15 kg Payload <2 kg Penetrators

Set of context instruments – Panoramic camera (stereo, filters or color) mast – Various sensors (temperature, conductivity, radiation, etc) Geophysical package – Magnetometer boom – Radioscience – Seismometer/gravimeter/tiltmeter Geochemistry – Contact (GCMS, Raman, XRD/XRS, …) robotic arm, sample preparation, close-up camera – Remote (IR spectroscopy, LIBS) mast Environment – MS for atmosphere – Plasma/wave, ENA, Ion spectrometer Lander instruments/systems

Robotic arm with sampling device 3-5 kg – Heritage: Phobos-Grunt, Luna-Resource – Chomic-type perforator 1.4kg, heritage Rosetta – Scoop/sampling cylinder – Dedicated context and close-up cameras (mass ~ 500g) – 1-2 instruments (mass ~500 g) Drilling proposal: 10kg/400 mm depth – Heritage Luna 16 Common sample preparation system for GCMS, XRD, etc ??? – Heritage ExoMars/Pasteur Mast for Camera/LIBS/IR spectrometer – Periscope or some instruments outside? – Stereo camera (type Luna Lander, or other) – High-resolution camera (Type ExoMars)? – LIBS – IR spectrometer (type LIS, or ISEM) Magnetometer boom ~1.5 m Data handling system Lander instruments/systems

Magnetometer (talk Auster) – mass within 1 kg – Deployment : boom! Radioscience – USO or phase conservation retransmitter 0.85 kg (talk Rosenblatt) – Ka-band communications (talk Gregnanin) Seismometer – No need for a state-of-the-art Mars-type device – Two-axis – Mass: <2 kg (?) – Deployment required or placement on the foot suffice? Gravimeter/tiltmeter 1.4 kg (talk Karatekin) GPR (active or passive) (talks Hamelin/Przyklenk) Geophysical package

GCMS (talk Gerasimov) – Large MASS and POWER (5 kg/50 W) – Sample preparation LIBS (talks Pavlov, Kameda) mass likely 2-3kg – Remote – Only the upper few millimeters sounded  regolith, altered, depleted in volatiles Raman – Incompatible with a “remote” LIBS ? – High diagnostic potential – Possible complement of GCMS Laser ablation MS: element analysys XRD/XRF: structure/element analysis Surface composition/extinct life

Magnetometer MS for atmosphere – MS from GCMS should be able to sound the atmosphere – Or a separate INMS? Plasma/wave set – Is a combination with GPR possible? ENA Ion spectrometer Environment

InstrumentConditionsCompositionHabitabilityPrototype Mass (estimated) Seismometer/gravimeter/tiltm eter  OPTIMISM/Mars 96 Luna-Resurce ~2000 g +shield Magnetometer  MMO Bepi Colombo770g +boom GPR  ?1000g Mast2000 g TV camera set  ExoMars, Luna Globe1200g + mast + shield IR spectroscopy  LIS Luna-Resource, ISEM ExoMars shield? LIBS  ChemCam Curiosity3000 (?)g +shield Robotic arm + sampling 3500 g Optical microscope  Beagle-2; CUPI/ExoMars500g + shield GCMS  GAP/Phobos 11; COSAC/Rosetta 6000g XRD/XRF  ExoMars XRD1400g Environmental package  APX/ MER Various sensors, electronic block  Rosetta, Luna Resource,2500g Radiation dose  RADOM/Chandrayaan-1100g ~ g An attempt to compile a model payload

Reconnaissance – Full mapping from JUICE – Landing sites/target areas – WAC+HRC – Meter resolution required Magnetometer – Boom of several meters! Radioscience Plasma/particle package (+cruise) Dust detector/monitor (+cruise) Some other investigations complementing/not included in JUICE payload Orbiter Payload

A modest wish-list is already likely incompatible with the resources (Much) more iterations and discussions are necessary Proposed lander design is incompatible with the Mast, and likely many of environment investigations: could a smaller Ka-band high-gain antenna solve the problem? Proposal for the Discussion: To form few dedicated groups on science payloads “Geophysics” “Composition/Past or Present Habitability” “Environment” Landing site And to compile papers accordingly for the ASR Concluding remarks