Chase High School

Job Requirements  Most entry-level jobs require a high school diploma.  About 20% of careers in agriscience (including animal science) requires college degrees.

Job Requirements  Some positions, such as a veterinarian, require a 4-year college degree plus an advanced degree and special training in addition to the college degree.

Veterinarians  Perform highly technical tasks such as embryo transfers.  Veterinarians treat and control diseases as well as treat injuries.

Starting Place  The high school agriculture class is a good place to begin career prep.

Employment  The largest number of new employment positions in agriscience is expected to be scientists and engineers.  What types of careers in animal science deal with scientists?

Small Animal Industry  The industry is expanding greatly!  What all are small animals used for? Pets Animal research Food Fur

Small Animal Industry  Technicians and growers are needed for: Kennels Pet stores Animal hospitals ***Often requires college training***

Equine Industry  Expanding as the interest in horses for pleasure and show increases.  Farriers are needed to shoe and care for horses’ feet.

Terminology  Sow: term for a mature adult female in pork production  Gilt: term for an immature female in the swine industry.

Terminology  Barrow: term for castrated male in pork production.  Boar: non castrated male pig.

Digestive System of Swine  Swine are monogastric, which means they have one stomach compartment.  Basically have the same digestive system as a human.

Pork Production  The swine industry has changed greatly from the lard type hogs to lean type hog in demand today.

Types of Swine Operation  Feeder-pig producers  Market-hog producers

Purebred producers  Produce high-quality boars to: Improve the genetic makeup of one breed of swine. Purebred boars bred to crossbred sows increase hybrid vigor

Yorkshire  They exhibit a long, big frame and are white with erect ears.

Chester White  Solid white, these pigs have medium sized, droopy ears.

Berkshire and Landrace  Berkshire: Black with six white points (nose, tail, and legs)  Landrace: They have very large, floppy ears, are long-bodied

Cattle Terminology  Calf: baby cow  Heifer: immature female cow  Steer: castrated male cow  Bull: non-castrated male cow  Cow: mature female cattle

Digestive System  Cows and sheep are ruminants, which means they have four stomach compartments.  Ruminants can tolerate more roughage in the diet.

Angus  A black breed of cattle known for excellent meat quality.

Hereford  Red with a white face

Shorthorn  Have been used in the bloodlines of more than 30 recognized breeds of beef cattle

Exotic breeds  Imported into the U.S. when consumers began demanding leaner meat.  They have calves that grow faster than English breeds.

Charolais and Limousin

Simmental

American breeds  Developed to withstand the heat and resistance to disease and parasites in the South and Southwest.  American breeds resulted from crossing Brahman cattle from India with English breeds.

American Breeds  The result was increased heat tolerance and disease and parasite resistance of Brahman and the meat quality of the English breeds.

Holstein  90% of dairy cattle in the U.S. are Holstein.  Known for their black and white markings.

Other Breeds  Guernsey  Jersey  Ayrshire

Poultry Terminology  Rooster: male chicken  Hen: female chicken  Chick: baby chicken

Digestive System  Poultry have no true stomachs and can only store small amounts of food in its digestive system.

Digestive System  Chickens have no teeth. Food is swallowed whole, stored in the crop, and passed on to the gizzard where it is crushed and ground up.  Rations must be high in food value.

Poultry  Chicken are classified as layers or broilers.

Layers  Chickens developed to produce huge numbers of eggs.  White Leghorn chickens are popular layers.

Broilers  Broilers are young chickens grown for their meat.  Example: Cornish

Bantam  Miniature versions of standards breeds.  Used primarily for show

Turkeys  90% of turkeys grown commercially are Broad-Breasted White.

Tools  Candling Light: used to view the interior of eggs to detect blood spots.  Artificial Vagina: to collect semen from male animals.

Tools  Insemination straw: for the disposition of semen into the female.  Rectal thermometer: used to take the temperature of animals.

Tools  Syringe: used to give injections or draw body fluids.  “V” notcher: used to notch the ears of swine for identification

Water and Protein  Water regulates body temp., dissolves and transports nutrients.  Protein builds muscle

Carbohydrates  Provides energy for animals  Makes up about 75% of most animal rations.  Corn and other cereal grains are the major source of carbohydrates.

Minerals  Calcium is one of the major minerals and is found in ground limestone.  Calcium in needed in poultry feed for eggshell development.  Minerals are supplied by mineral supplements and are a primary aid in the development of bones and teeth.

Vitamins and Fats  Vitamins are needed by animals in minute quantities to help all body functions. Vitamins also help prevent many livestock disease.  Only small amounts of fat are required.

Concentrates  Low in fiber and high in total digestible nutrients (TDN). Cereal grains are the major source of most concentrates. Other sources include byproducts of grain and animals.

Roughages  High in fiber and low in TDN Dry roughage is hay Green roughage includes the pasture grasses. Silage is a roughage that results from storage and fermentation of green crops.