Building A Better Ammonia Inventory Mark Janssen – LADCO/Midwest RPO

Base E Ammonia Inventory Based on CMU ammonia inventory NH3 emissions not from CMU – Industrial point from modified EPA inventory – Small spotty amounts of NH3 from Nonroad – Vehicle NH3 from NEI Source NIF2.0 files of monthly values All NH3 from Canadian inventory in “Other Area” Does Not include –Natural Soil NH3, Humans, Cats, Dogs

1999 July Day

NH3 Emissions by SCC for the US 14:56 Wednesday, September 3, Obs scc majdesc sbmjdesc mindesc sbmndesc acee Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Hogs and Pigs Waste Emiss Total Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Cattle and Calves Waste E Beef Cows Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Poultry Waste Emissions Broilers Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Cattle and Calves Waste E Steers, Steer Calves, Bul Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Cattle and Calves Waste E Heifers and Heifer Calves Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Cattle and Calves Waste E Milk Cows Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Poultry Waste Emissions Turkeys Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Poultry Waste Emissions Layers Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Fertilizer Application Urea Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Fertilizer Application Nitrogen Solutions Miscellaneous Area Source Wild Animals Waste Emissi Deer Total Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Fertilizer Application Anhydrous Ammonia Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Horses and Ponies Waste E Total Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Poultry Waste Emissions Pullets 13 weeks old and Miscellaneous Area Source Wild Animals Waste Emissi Elk Total Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Poultry Waste Emissions Pullet Chicks and Pullets Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Fertilizer Application Diammonium Phosphate Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Fertilizer Application N-P-K (multi-grade nutrie Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Fertilizer Application Ammonium Sulfate Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Fertilizer Application Miscellaneous Fertilizers Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Fertilizer Application Ammonium Nitrate Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Fertilizer Application Monoammonium Phosphate Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Fertilizer Application Liquid Ammonium Polyphosp Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Sheep and Lambs Waste Emi Total Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Poultry Waste Emissions Ducks Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Fertilizer Application Aqueous Ammonia Miscellaneous Area Source Wild Animals Waste Emissi Bears Black Bears Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Fertilizer Application Ammonium Thiosulfate Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Goats Waste Emissions Angora Goats Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Fertilizer Application Calcium Ammonium Nitrate Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Poultry Waste Emissions Geese Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Fertilizer Application Potassium Nitrate Miscellaneous Area Source Agriculture Production - Goats Waste Emissions Milk Goats Waste Disposal, Treatment Wastewater Treatment Public Owned Total Processed Miscellaneous Area Source Wild Animals Waste Emissi Bears Grizzly Bears 0.01 ========

Milk COWS

Beef Cows

Steers, Steer Calves. Bulls

Chicken: Layers

Chicken: Broilers

Turkeys

Deer

Fertilizer NH3 Interesting data in Ohio for June/July Crop fertilizer data shows that Ohio does more than average “After Planting” fertilization of corn Ohio also puts more than average amounts of fertilizer on that corn Results in a June/July spike in fertilizer not seen in other Midwest/eastern states. Question Results? We created national average by month and applied it to all states for Base E.

Janssen’s Rule For Inventory Improvement Mass * % Uncertainty = Total Uncertainty Temper Point Source Bias Examples –Primary PM2.5 from Point sources –Nonroad Mobile –And…..

WHO CARES!!! 210 Tons of 13,000 Tons/day

Ammonia Temporal in Base E Primarily based on Pinder Dairy model –Month based NIF files from Strader Model. –“26” hour profile applied to smaller categories –No day of week profile. Hogs, Chickens used temporal data from CMU model for confined dairy Dairy Cattle Used CMU profiles and EFs Beef Cattle used temporal for non- confined Dairy Fertilizer used Pinder hourly values.

Base D+ Inventory

Comparison with Inverse Model From Pinder- CMU

Base CBase DBase E January 2000

Base CBase DBase E August 1999

Future: Process Based model for Ammonia Recommendations from National Academy of Sciences Report “Model Farm” based emissions factors do not capture local/regional differences Must characterize local variation in practices. –NC farmers try to drive off Nitrogen in their waste –IA farmers try to keep Nitrogen in soil –Wisconsin farmers inject waste more than Texas farmers.

Future: Process Based Model For Ammonia Process based model where individual farming practices drive emissions estimates Includes Mass Balance elements from feed to animals to waste products Must fit within OPEM emissions modeling paradigm(transparent, publicly available) Must calculate hour specific, day specific, and cell specific emissions ready for photochemical models

National Practices Model Farm Emissions Model Inputs: Climate: - Temperature - Precipitation - Wind speed Tuned Parameters: - Resistance - Infiltration Farm Emissions Model kg NH 3 cow -1 year -1 County Animal Population cows County Inventory kg NH 3 year -1 Housing = Freestall, Storage = Lagoon, Winter Confined, etc. Housing = Tiestall, Storage = Lagoon, Drylot, etc From Pinder- CMU

Farm Emissions Model Nitrogen Flows Housing Grazing StorageApplication Volatilization Loss to soils, groundwater, and biota Feed MilkFeces Urine From Pinder- CMU

National Inventory kg NH 3 km -2 From Pinder- CMU

January July kg NH 3 cow -1 month -1 From Pinder- CMU

Ratio of July to January Emission Factors

Seasonal Variability in National Emissions From Pinder- CMU

Status of Process Based NH3 Model RPO’s Fund Development RFP in August: Supplemental in Oct 2 Due October 22 nd Draft Model Due Late 2004, Final Draft April Comment period until Fall 2005.

Other Midwest RPO NH3 Projects Build National 2002 NH3 inventory based on updated 2002 Census of Agriculture –April 2004 for 2002 NEI submissions –Wild Animal updates? –Included improvements to Midwest Fertilizer Midwest RPO Funds NH3 in Nonroad model.