Potential Using of Renewable Energy in Telecommunication Stations Maria de Fátima N.C. Rosolem - CPqD Glauco Ribeiro dos Santos - CPqD Luiz Antonio Soares - CPqD Luiz Eduardo Ferreira Dias Junior - CPqD Pamela Tobias Frare - CPqD Raul Fernando Beck - CPqD Vitor Torquato Arioli - CPqD

Increasing in Telecommunications Demand Indicators of Brasil Telecom (Acces-million) Mobile phone: 157,5 Fixed: 41,7 Broadband: 10,4 Cable TV: 6,6

Climatic Changes

Renewable Energy Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Wind Energy Storage Systems - Fuel Cell

Solar Photovoltaic (PV)

Projeto Data Center - Affordable Internet Services Online Inc.

Technology Pros and Cons Clean Energy Silent Free and Infinite Modular Well suitable for stand alone applications Low maintenance costs Long lifetime Simple operations High cost Low efficiency Efficiency Degradation Storage systems Operating conditions (poor light conditions) Temperature sensibility Low power density

Wind

Technology Pros and Cons Clean Energy Easy to manufacture Suitable for Large applications Stand alone systems Connected with the grid Competitive Price Huge unexplored potential Noise and visual pollution Competitive Price Low capacity factor Operating conditions (seasons and wind speed dependence) Heavy Infrastructure to install

Fuel Cell

Available Technologies Fuel Cell Technology Temperature range (ºC) FuelMarket Availability AFC H 2 (pure) O 2 (pure) Commercial (??) PEMFC H 2 (99,95%) O 2 (from air) Commercial (Stationary) PAFC H 2 NG Commercial MCFC NG H 2 Pre - commercial SOFC NG H 2 Pre - commercial DMFC MethanolUnder development

Stationary application - Telecom Electrochemical device – DC supplier; It is a suitable solutions in extreme conditions; It helps in a low carbon footprint; It is a interesting solution more, not is the BEST solution. It is better when used combined with other energy sources (batteries, PV and wind)

Technologies Pros and Cons Run time Environment temperature resistance range (- 25 º to 45 º C) Silent Clean Energy Life time Low Maintenance No recharge time Remote control Start up High cost Poor field database Hydrogen cost Refueling Standards and codes

Hybrid Systems

Hybrid System PV - Wind - Diesel - São Tomé - Brazil

Average Prices (U$/Kw) Fuel cell – U$ 3,000/Kw Solar Photovoltaic – U$ 400 – 1,000/Kw Wind Energy – U$ 0,11 – 0,22 /Kwh * * Last prices in Brazil

Conclusions Today the people are more consciences about the environments In Brazil the using the renewable energy in telecommunications companies is small This type the energy is expensive, it is necessary the incentive programs *

Maria de Fátima N. C. Rosolem