Metadata in Digital (Music) Libraries L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Metadata Purpose: to facilitate unmediated access to networked environments.

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson  Data about data  Structured data about data  In the music domain, for example, data about the music, not the music itself. Metadata definitions:

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Metadata: What it does  certifies the authenticity and degree of completeness of the content;  establishes and documents the context of the content;  identifies and exploits the structural relationships that exist between and within information objects;  provides a range of intellectual access points for an increasingly diverse range of users; and  provides some of the information a librarian or information professional might have provided in a physical reference or research setting.

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Metadata: What it does: Source Anne J. Gilliland-Swetland, ”Setting the Stage,” in Introduction to Metadata: Pathways to Digital Information, edited by Murtha Baca, Version 2.0 (Los Angeles: Getty Research Center, 2000). ta/index.html ta/index.html

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Metadata: Types  Descriptive  Administrative  Structural

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Descriptive metadata  Concerned with content of the digital object.  Intrinsic.  Describes digital objects (with reference to the source object) so that seekers may locate a single one, or choose among several like ones, intelligently. (“Collocation & Distinction”)  Purpose: “resource discovery”  Example: MARC record

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson MARC record display

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson MARC record

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Dublin Core  A “simple” descriptive metadata standard  Perhaps too simple: exists also in “qualified” form, chiefly to identify “types” of works (Collection, Data set, Event, Image, InteractiveResource, Service, Software, Sound, Text, PhysicalObject), and types of relationships (isVersionOf, hasVersion, isReplacedBy, replaces, isPartOf, hasPart, etc.), as well as specific standards.

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Dublin Core “Simple” elements (15—all repeatable) Coverage Description Type Relation Source Subject Title Contributor Creator Publisher Rights Date Format Identifier Language

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Dublin Core Qualified additional elements (60!):  audience  alternativeTitle  tableOfContents  abstract  created [i.e., date]  valid  available  issued  modified  extent  medium  isVersionOf  hasVersion  isReplacedBy  replaces  isRequiredBy  requires  isPartOf  hasPart  isReferencedBy

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Dublin Core Qualified additional elements (con’t)  references  isFormatOf  hasFormat  conformsTo  spacial [characteristics]  temporal [ditto]  mediator  dateAccepted  dateCopyrighted  dateSubmitted  educationLevel  accessRights  bibliographicCitation  LCSH  MESH  DDC  LCC  UDC  DCMIType  IMT

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Dublin Core Qualified additional elements (con’t)  ISO639-Z  RFC1766  URI  point [geogr. coords]  ISO3166  box [geogr. region]  TGN [Getty geo. thes.]  period  W3CDTF [ISO8601]  RFC3066 collection dataset event image interactiveResource service software sound text physicalObject

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Dublin Core (simple) example:  Creator: Lesk, Michael  Title: Practical digital libraries: books, bytes, and bucks  Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers  Date: 1997  Relation: IsPartOf The Morgan Kaufmann series in multimedia information systems  Subject: Libraries—United States—Special collections— computer files  Subject: Digital libraries—United States  Identifier:  Type: Book  Format: xxii, 297 p. : ill (some col.) ; 25 cm

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Other Descriptive Metadata Standards  EAD (Encoded Archival Description) EAD  TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) Header TEI  SMDL (Standard Music Description Language) and other music encoding languages – see “Music Encoding Standards,” (last updated Feb. 01) SMDL  METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard) METS  MODS (Metadata Object Description Schema) – MARC-21- based. MODS  FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) FRBR

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Administrative metadata  Concerned with context.  Extrinsic.  Facilitates file management, rights management, and preservation.

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Administrative Metadata: Examples for Sound  File format  Sample size  Sample rate  Number of channels  Compression ratio  Processing performed (eq, noise reduction, etc.)  Digitization hardware  Digitization software  Digitization technician  Date digitized  Copyright declaration  Public domain?  Condition of source

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Structural metadata  Concerned with relationships of various works, and parts of works.  Intrinsic or extrinsic.  Facilitates navigation within an item, especially to discrete parts of works.  Developers speak of “glue” and “bindings”

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Structural metadata: examples  Table of contents & pages (books & scores)  Movement markings or section letters (scores)  Track listings (recordings)  [What level of detail is required, and can we afford?]  [How do we cope with multiple representations of the same work?]

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Metadata in Variations2

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Metadata in Variations2 (con’t)

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Metadata in Variations2 (con’t)

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Metadata in Variations2 (con’t)

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Metadata in Variations2 (con’t)

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Metadata in Variations2 (con’t)

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Metadata in Variations2 (con’t)

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Metadata in Variations2 (con’t)

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Metadata in Variations2 (con’t)

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Metadata in Variations2 (con’t)

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Metadata in Variations2 (con’t)

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson IU (Meta)Data Model: Example Broder, editor Prepared from autographs in 1960 Mozart, composer Fantasia K.397 Sonata K. 279 Horowitz, pianist Uchida, pianist Sonata K. 279 recorded in 1965, Carnegie Hall Fantasia K.397 recorded in 1991, Tokyo, Suntory Hall CD Mozart, Piano Works Score Mozart, Piano Fantasia K.397

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson IFLA FRBR Entities (Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records) responsible for Person/Corporate Body represents people or groups that create, realize, or produce other entities is embodied in MANIFESTATION represents the physical embodiment of the expression of the work is exemplified by ITEM represents a single exemplar of a manifestation of a work WORK represents the distinct intellectual or artistic creation is realized thru EXPRESSION represents the intellectual or artistic realization of the work

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Crosswalks  Allow customized schemes to be mapped (converted automatically) to standard ones.  Facilitate automatic translation of searches.  “Required”

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Crosswalks: Examples  RDF (Resource Description Framework).  MARC mapping to/from Dublin Core maintained at Library of Congress.  For others, see “Metadata Resources Page,” maintained by Standards Working Group of the NSDL (National Science, Engineering, Mathematics, and Technology Education Digital Library).

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson RDF EXAMPLE <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=" xmlns:dc=" Art Barstow Dave Beckett World Wide Web Consortium

L631 April 7, 2003 Mary Wallace Davidson Digital music library metadata “discovery” sites:  Indiana University, Variations2:  National Audio-Visual Preservation Center (Culpeper Project): md md See also “XML and Music,” in Cover Pages, last modified Oct. 21, 2002, which attempts to track music mark-up languages: