HIGHER EDUCATION FOR KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN EGYPT Mohamed Ewiss and Seddik Afifi Nahda University WWW.NAHDAUNIVERSITY.ORG 1

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OUTLINES I INTRODUCTION II HIGHER EDUCTION IN EGYPT III THE STRUCTURE OF NAHDA UNIVERSITY IV NUB SWOT ANALYSES V DEVELOPMENT UNIVERSITY EDUCTION IN EGYPT VI CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION 4

I. INTRODUCTION 5

Education in Egypt dates back to ancient times when temples for the muses of art and science were founded as centers of learning.

Egypt's Al-Azhar University was established as a theological institution in the tenth century, making it one of the oldest continuous universities in the world.

In 1816, the “School Almohandesskhana” was established in the castle in Mohamed Ali’s Era as the beginning of engineering education in Egypt.

(Antoine Clot) In 1827, a medical school was established and attached to a military hospital in Abu Zaabal. The French doctor (Antoine Clot) became the first director of the medical school and hospital. In 1837, the medical school and hospital was moved to 'Kasr El Aini area in Cairo. The hospital was renamed as "Kasr El Aini hospital".

Later on the pre-existing higher professional schools became constituent colleges of Cairo University (previously King Fuad I University, Egyptian University) a public university in Giza, Egypt. It was founded on 21 December 1908. It is the second oldest institution of higher education in Egypt, after Al Azhar University.

SCU founded in 1950 to plan of university education policies, previously named the Advisory council for the universities. In 1954 the presidential decree Law No. (508) was issued to reorganize the universities and to establish a Supreme Council of Universities as an authorized autonomous public body .

II HIGHER EDUCTION IN EGYPT 12

1908 1953 1954 1973 1957 1973 1974 1975 1976 1976 1976 1995 2005 2005 2005 2006 2006 Kafrelsheikh University afrelsheikh University خيــــــــــــشلللااا رفففـــك ةةةعـــماااج 2012 2012 2012 2013

Current Structure of Higher Education in Egypt

Cabinet of Egypt Ministry of Finance Ministry of Planning Ministry of Higher Education Ministry of Planning Supreme Council of State Universities

Ministry of Higher Education Private Higher Institutes Technological colleges Supreme Council of State Universities 23 Universities 21 Private Universities 8 colleges + 17 technical health Institutes 149+3 Academies

III THE STRUCTURE OF NAHDA UNIVERSITY The most famous form of technology when you think of Egypt are of course the pyramids. No one knows for sure how the pyramids were built, but there have been many stories and rumours of how they were built. Like how the Egyptians had help from Extra Terrestrials or the stones from the pyramids were not even natural but in fact artificial. And of course it was also believed the Egyptians 17

NAHDA UNIVERSITY, Beni Sweif, Egypt

NAHDA UNIVERSITY, Beni Sweif, Egypt foundation NUB is an Egyptian private University founded in 2006 by Prof. Seddik Afifi, who has a long, distinguished history of educational achievements. The University Board of Trustees is headed by Prof.Ibrahim Badran who was the former Egyptian ministry of health and the former president of the academy of Science. The language of instruction is English. NAHDA University adopts a flexible undergraduate credit hour system. The main NUB Campus is in New Beni Sueif City, 70 miles south of Cairo.

NAHDA UNIVERSITY, NUB- Mission to achieve excellence in teaching and research to offer non-traditional study programs in science and technology that are built on modern curricula to produce the most comprehensively prepared and innovative graduates being able to interact effectively with the challenges and competitions created by global economy and being competent to play leading roles in their areas of specializations to contribute substantially to the development and progress of society .   NUB- Vision NUB is an integrated and distinguished Egyptian University committed to excellence and state – of- the- art Knowledge, serving science, humanity and the nation.

NAHDA UNIVERSITY, Staff Memebers

IV DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITY EDUCTION IN EGYPT IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION AND KNOWLEDGE The most famous form of technology when you think of Egypt are of course the pyramids. No one knows for sure how the pyramids were built, but there have been many stories and rumours of how they were built. Like how the Egyptians had help from Extra Terrestrials or the stones from the pyramids were not even natural but in fact artificial. And of course it was also believed the Egyptians 23

Information and Communication STRENGTHS Human Capital Collaboration Foreign Investment Information and Communication NATURAL RESOURCES Mathematics

NAQAAE is the accrediting body for all Egyptian educational institutions (higher education, pre- university, and Al-Azhar education) (about 55,000) •NAQAAE was established in 2007 by a Presidential Decree. The Board is formed of a President, three Vice- Presidents and eleven board members selected from educational experts, businessmen and entrepreneurs •The main goal is to support Egyptian educational institutes by fostering their quality assurance practices & accreditation.

Major Challenges facing Higher Education Competitiveness Increase of population (Enrolment versus Quality) Resources & Funding mechanism Ratio of Staff members to Students. Impact of globalization & Importance of knowledge Interference between Higher Education Institutions.

Major Challenges facing Higher Education (cont( Integrated Legislation System. Quality Assurance & Recognition. Graduate Employability. Information Technology. International Cooperation.

V CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION The most famous form of technology when you think of Egypt are of course the pyramids. No one knows for sure how the pyramids were built, but there have been many stories and rumours of how they were built. Like how the Egyptians had help from Extra Terrestrials or the stones from the pyramids were not even natural but in fact artificial. And of course it was also believed the Egyptians 28

ROAD MAP EFFECTIVE FUNDING SUPPORT LABOR MARKET CREATIVE KNOWLEDGE GOVARNANCE CONTROL DEVELOPING CURRICULA OVERCOME MASSIFICATION

ROAD MAP HIGH QUALITY PLANNED PROGRAMS INTEGRATED DEMOCRTIZED HUMAN DEVELOPING NEEDS HUMAN RESOURCES

Building the Development Triangles SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INDUSTERIAL DEVELOPMENY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

Action Plan & Initiatives University independence and academic freedom. Enhancement & Modernization of Regulations & legislation. Widen the criteria for Students’ Admission to higher education to recognize diverse potential by developing initially a test of generic reasoning and thinking skills to complement the national Secondary School examinations.

Academic Quality Assurance for Egyptian Universities. Recognition of academic and professional qualifications. Developing training programs for academic staff. Improving quality and relevance of mid-level technical education Implementation & following up the strategic plans and Higher Education Enhancement Projects (HEEP)

Improving the balance of skills & knowledge based education Developing the higher education Information infrastructure (ICTP) Strengthen university research capacity and its links to innovation. Developing a comprehensive internationalization strategy.

We believe that Quality Assurance is not a project or a process, it is a Culture and should be the Ensemble of Elements of Higher Education Enhancement

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