Do Now:  Take the immigration test. Could you pass and become an American citizen today? 1

Immigration  Push/Pull Factors- Reasons for immigration can be categorized as either a push factor or a pull factor. 2

“Old Immigrants”: those who came from Northern/Western Europe before “New Immigrants”: those who came from Eastern/Southern Europe from s. 3

 Millions of immigrants entered the U.S. in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries  Some came to escape difficult conditions, others known as “birds of passage” intended to stay only temporarily to earn money, and then return to their homeland

EUROPEANS  Between 1870 and 1920, about 20 million Europeans arrived in the United States  Before 1890, most were from western and northern Europe  After 1890, most came from southern and eastern Europe  All were looking for opportunity

“New Immigrant”  Study the map and consider what countries are considered part of the “New immigrant” group 6

Which of the following observations about annual immigration are true? A.Immigration increases during America’s hard economic timesImmigration increases during America’s hard economic times B.Immigration decreases during America’s hard economic timesImmigration decreases during America’s hard economic times C.People continued to come to America to escape persecution in their own countriesPeople continued to come to America to escape persecution in their own countries D.Immigration increased dramatically during WWIImmigration increased dramatically during WWI E.Quotas limit the number of immigrantsQuotas limit the number of immigrants 7

NATIVISM Definition: A defense of native-born people and a hostility to the foreign-born. 8

Who said this? “[The immigrants] who come [to America] are generally of the most ignorant and stupid sort of their own nation…Their own clergy have very little influence over the people…Not being used to liberty, they know not how to make a modest use of it…they are not esteemed men till they have shown their manhood by beating their mothers…now they come in droves…few of their children in the country learn English. Why should Pennsylvania, founded by the English, become a colony of aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to Germanize us insteade of our Anglifying them, and will never adopt our Language or Customs, any more than they can acquire our Complexion…Which leads me to add one more Remark: That the Number of purely white People in the World is proportionably very small…” 9

Benjamin Franklin 10  He was writing in 1753 about German immigrants to America  Before the Revolutionary War he grumbled about bilingual street signs and translators in state government  The big question, should German or English be the national language? Answer:

Cartoon Interpretation: Is this a pro or anti Nativist cartoon? 11

Cartoon Interpretation: Is this a pro or anti Nativist cartoon? 12

1887: Immigration Restriction League  Immigrants should be screened, through literacy tests and other standards to separate the desirable from undesirable immigrants.  “Must be able to read or write in English or in their own language before entering the U.S.” 13

Current immigration issues. How are they similar? 14

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Immigration Hypotheses Write hypothesis about why immigrants went to the US. Then read facts about immigrants and state whether or not these statements support the hypothesis. Report out your hypotheses and as a class we’ll discuss push/pull factors.