The Reconstruction Era Chapter 12 Page

Section 1 Rival Plans for Reconstruction How should the South be treated upon re- entering the Union?? A. Reconstruction – Must bring 11 states back into the Union – Some believed leading confederates should be tried and hanged – Others believed in forgiveness

B. Stipulations Lincoln wanted easy conditions “Ten Percent Plan” Abolish slavery and provide education for freed slaves Reimburse white southerners for loss of land Nothing about equal rights for AA’s Would regain representation if they did this

C. Radical Republicans Believed confederates had committed crimes Must be punished Wade-Davis Bill- majority had to swear allegiance Give plantation land to the former slaves Full citizenship and right to vote for AA’s

D. Freedman’s Bureau Set up to help former slaves Food, clothes, find family members, education, and jobs

E. Johnson’s Reconstruction Johnson wanted to bring back South quickly, but wanted only white gov’t, keep AA’s as second class citizens South set up Black Codes- keep African Americans basically slaves Punishment for not having a job?? What jobs could they have

F. Congress fights back Congress passed Civil Rights Act of 1866 Johnson Vetoed Congress overrides the veto- 1 st time ever Radical Reconstruction began as Congress defied prez with over rides Passed 14 th Amendment- guaranteed equality under the law

Passed Military Reconstruction Act- set up 5 military districts in the South to administrate Banned former confederates from Congress Required South to allow AA’s to vote States had to ratify 14 th amendment to rejoin the Union Eventually Congress tries to impeach the prez because he tried to fire secretary of War Stanton fails by one vote

Johnson cooperates more after trial 15 th Amendment passed that forbids states to deny suffrage based on race, color, or previous servitude However, still many ways around this

Section 2 Reconstruction in the South Before war, few powerful men had the power After the war, who would gain power

A. Republicans bring change AA’s now had the vote, and for the first time, they gained political office South Carolina actually had black majority rule Scalawags- white men who before war could not achieve office Carpetbaggers- young northerners coming South to make money and gain office Both seen very negatively

B. Failures Women’s suffrage left off Republican agenda Schools were built, but segregation of schools enforced- very costly Many southerners remained illiterate Many corrupt officials came to power Many times, failures blamed on new black representatives

C. Freed People Build New Communities Many freed slaves begin moving- out of the shadow of old masters house Many couldn’t- fell back into jobs that they had worked as slaves- black codes Schools offered education to children and adults- basic reading, writing, and math Built own churches

D. Land Most couldn’t afford land- had 3 options Sharecropping Share-tenancy Tenant Farming First two drove most into debt

E. Violence Ku Klux Klan started in Tennessee in used violence and intimidation to keep AA’s down Before long, would take away most of rights AA’s had gained – Right to vote – Lose almost all Representatives

F. Gov’t fights back Enforcement Acts- basically the KKK Acts Passed to stop Klan from interfering with AA’s rights Helped stop the Klan, but after troops would leave the South, AA’s rights ceased to exist

Section 3 The End of Reconstruction Reconstruction of the South turned out to be more complicated and longer than anyone had anticipated A. Corruption – Grant- good leader, bad judge of character – His administration filled with scandal – Won reelection but scandals would weaken Republican party and Reconstruction

B. End of Reconstruction 1873, country would enter recession as banks closed and businesses failed Many northerners began to worry about other issues Expensive to leave troops in south Supreme court chipped away at 13,14, and 15 th amendments – Slaughterhouse cases – U.S. v. Cruikshank

C. Southern whites gain power Klan intimidated AA’s from voting Democrats and white republicans of the south begin working together Redeemers?

D. Election of 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes vs. Samuel Tilden 1 st election Tilden got 51% of vote Republicans cried foul Recount puts Hayes in lead Congress decides Compromise of 1877?

E. Effects AA’s did make progress – Right to vote – Owned some land – Official citizens with rights Effect on South – Economy began to recover – More crops grown – Barter and credit system

F. Let downs AA’s would lose most of rights in following years after reconstruction Women did not gain right to vote White elite would regain power, many former Confederates Failed to heal bitterness between north and South