1 N.K. Tovey ( 杜伟贤 ) M.A, PhD, CEng, MICE, CEnv Н.К.Тови М.А., д-р технических наук Energy Science Director CRed Project HSBC Director of Low Carbon Innovation.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
1 Recipient of James Watt Gold Medal Keith Tovey ( ) : MA, PhD, CEng, MICE, CEnv Reader Emeritus in Environmental Science, University of East Anglia Science.
Advertisements

CRed carbon reduction Reader Emeritus in Environmental Sciences; Energy Science Adviser Norwich Business School, University of East Anglia:
1 Recipient of James Watt Gold Medal Keith Tovey ( ) : MA, PhD, CEng, MICE, CEnv Reader Emeritus in Environmental Science, University of East Anglia Glenalmond.
© OECD/IEA 2010 Data Compilation Issues for Electricity and Heat Energy Statistics Workshop Beijing, China, Sept Pierre Boileau International Energy.
Sesto Avolio (IVPC Eolica s.r.l. – ANEV).  After coming into effect of the Kyoto Protocol it has become more and more evident the inadequacy of the measures.
Session 4: Coal statistics United Nations Statistics Division International Workshop on Energy Statistics September 2012, Beijing, China.
EUROPEAN TOPIC CENTRE ON AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE Overview of main reporting problem areas in energy balances/ energy related parts of GHG inventories Workshop.
© OECD/IEA 2013 Annual Renewables Questionnaire Overview IEA Energy Statistics Training Paris, 4–8 March 2013 Rachael Hackney, Georgios Zazias Annual Renewables.
© OECD/IEA 2013 Annual Oil Questionnaire Overview Energy Statistics Training Paris, 4-8 March, 2013 Mark Mateo, Claire Morel Annual Oil Statistics.
Fossil fuels Section 1.
Darden School Social Responsibility and Entrepreneurship April 2, 2007 Recycling Energy: Profitably Mitigating Climate Change Tom Casten Chair, Recycled.
Primary Energy Reporting. Contents What is primary energy? Why report primary energy usage? Primary energy reporting in LIEN Examples Benefits.
The contribution of electro-technologies to energy efficiency Paul Baudry, Marie-Ann Evans UIE (International Union for Electricity applications) Conference.
OECD Model simulations for OECD’s Environmental Outlook: Methods and Results Presentation at the Fourth Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis Purdue.
Sustainable energy supply in Germany – scenario analysis with different CO 2 certificate prices Markus Blesl, Uwe Remme, Ulrich Fahl International.
Neraca Energi Energy Balance Oleh: Agustin Faradila, SST.
The Community Carbon Reduction Project Keith Tovey ( 杜伟贤 ) M.A., PhD, CEng, MICE, CEnv Н.К.Тови М.А., д-р технических наук Energy Science Director: Low.
11 Energy in Denmark Observed energy consumption and adjusted gross energy consumption.
Method of Stating Energy Consumption Life-cycle analysis for EV energy consumption results.
Energy Consumption and Production Trends By: Yu Kuwabara Brian Ponczak February 27, 2002.
Energy (TKK-2129) 14/15 Academic Year Instructor: Rama Oktavian Office Hr.: M - F.13-15, oktavianrama.lecture.ub.ac.id.
CANADA’S REPORT ON ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND Energy Balances Gary Smalldridge, Chief, Energy Section, Manufacturing and Energy Division May 2009.
Energy and the New Reality, Volume 1: Energy Efficiency and the Demand for Energy Services Chapter 2: Energy Basics L. D. Danny Harvey
Environmental Physics Chapter 3: Energy Conservation Copyright © 2008 by DBS.
Environmental Physics Chapter 3: Energy Conservation Copyright © 2012 by DBS.
UK Energy Balances Iain MacLeay – Head Energy Balances, Prices and Publications Date May 2009.
Energy balances in Sweden Per Anders Paulson Swedish Energy Agency.
© OECD/IEA 2011 Comparing the UNSD, IEA and Eurostat balances 6th meeting of the Oslo City Group Canberra, Australia, 2-5 May 2011 Karen Tréanton Section.
1 Presentation to 6 th Meeting of Oslo Group on energy Statistics South Africa: Energy Accounts Robert Parry National Accounts 2─5 May 2011, Canberra,
1. 2 Energy balance is used as a tool for analyzing country’s energy situation in each year and also for showing the energy structure of the country in.
International Workshop on Energy Statistics Baku, Azerbaijan, September 2011 Experience of Azerbaijan on compilation of the Energy Balance Rauf Gurbanov,
1 IRES, Chapter 8 Energy Balance Vladimir Markhonko United Nations Statistics Division The Oslo Group on Energy Statistics Fifth meeting, Cork, Ireland,
Brussels, Dec 1, Making an inefficient energy system in Europe more efficient Sven Werner, professor Halmstad University, Sweden Partly based on.
Section 5: Energy Balance Table Dr. Congxiao Shang Room No.: 01 37P ENV-2D02 (2006):Energy Conservation – power point versions of lectures.
International Energy Agency © OECD/IEA, 2008 International Workshop on Energy Statistics Mexico 2-5 December 2008 Units of Measurement and Conversion Factors.
Profile of Energy in Canada Presentation to the UN Oslo City Group on Energy Statistics February 2009 Ottawa, Canada.
Energy, Power and Climate Change
1 CRed Carbon Reduction Keith Tovey ( 杜伟贤 ) MA, PhD, CEng, MICE, CEnv Н.К.Тови М.А д-р технических наук Energy Science Director HSBC Director of Low Carbon.
Canada’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions Kyoto and Beyond.
International Energy Agency © OECD/IEA, 2008 International Workshop on Energy Statistics Mexico, 2-5 December 2008 From Basic Energy Statistics to Energy.
ENERGY Energy is the capacity of a system to do work Energy is always conserved but … … can be transformed from one form to another Energy, E (unit: 1.
Earth’s Changing Environment Lecture 15 Energy Conservation.
Lecture Objectives: Finish with example modeling problems –Phase change thermal storage materials –Energy and airflow Interpret energy simulation results.
Efficiency in industry through electro-technologies Paul Baudry, EDF / R&D The future of Energy in Enlarged Europe, Warsaw 7-8th october 2004.
1 1 Draft chapter 5. Energy balances Ann Christin Bøeng Division for energy and environmental statistics Statistics Norway.
Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. Energy statistics, part 2 Production and use of energy 1 Business statistics and registers.
Earth’s Changing Environment Lecture 6 Global and US Energy Consumption and Production.
Section 3: Energy Use by Sector & Energy Conservation by Fuel Switching Dr. Congxiao Shang Room No.: 01 37P ENV-2D02 (2006):Energy Conservation – power.
Global Energy Supply and Use. The Sun: Source of Earth’s Energy The Sun is the primary (> 99%) source of heat for the planet Direct Indirect: –Wind –Water.
11 Energy in Denmark Observed energy consumption and adjusted gross energy consumption.
1 NBS-M016 Contemporary Issues in Climate Change and Energy 2010 Revision Session Some worked examples N.K. Tovey ( 杜伟贤 ) M.A, PhD, CEng, MICE, CEnv Н.К.Тови.
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENERGIE What is the Cost of Not Having Nuclear Power or Carbon Capture and Storage While Still Stabilizing.
Renewable Energy Statistics Keep-on-Track! 1 st Policy Workshop 23 January
The coal cycle. The numbers in this illustration indicate the amount of carbon in each location in gigatons.
Workshop on the Criteria to establish projections scenarios Sectoral projection guidance: energy industries; combustion in manufacturing and construction;
The Second Capacity Building Workshop on “Low Carbon Development and Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions” Alternative Policy Scenarios For Renewable.
Energy Balance Tables Unified Global Framework developed and maintained by United Nations Statistical Division.
FOSSIL FUEL EUNHEE CHO PRESENTS. INTRODUCTION Types of energy sources-1 Renewable : the supply is unlimited no fuel costs generate far less pollution.
1 30/09/2016 ENV-5022B / ENVK5023B Low Carbon Energy NUCLEAR POWER – Part 1 N.K. Tovey ( 杜伟贤 ) M.A, PhD, CEng, MICE, CEnv Н.К.Тови М.А., д-р.
Energy Measurement Concepts
Energy Balances & Energy SDG Indicators
Energy Management: 2016/17 The Energetic Balance of a Country
Gestão de Energia: 2016/17 Energy Analysis: Process Analysis (cont.)
CENERG 3rd TEMATIC WORKSHOP
International Workshop on Energy Statistics
Energy in Denmark 2014 Danish Energy Agency.
Energy (TKK-2129) Instructor: Rama Oktavian; Dr. Rizka Zulhijah
The importance of energy balances
Agenda point 5 energy PSUTs: Main Conceptual Choices
Presentation transcript:

1 N.K. Tovey ( 杜伟贤 ) M.A, PhD, CEng, MICE, CEnv Н.К.Тови М.А., д-р технических наук Energy Science Director CRed Project HSBC Director of Low Carbon Innovation 1 NBSLM01E Climate Change and Energy: Past, Present and Future 10. Energy Balance Tables Recipient of James Watt Gold Medal

Energy balance tables provide information on: –Overall energy consumption in a country for a given year. –Details of production and consumption of specific fuels Allow overall efficiency of energy use within a country to be ascertained Give information on energy losses Give information on sector split of energy consumption Information from Balance tables is needed as a first stage in an accurate estimate of carbon emission factors in a country Energy Balance Tables

3 Best Constructed on a Heat Supplied basis – i.e. potential that fuel has – usually based on calorific value. Units vary widely for one source to another Many use MTOE – but what is calorific value of oil - many sources (but not all) assume GJ/tonne – this is International Standard Check what value is actually used. Scientifically it is better to use Joules throughout For a country use either PJ or EJ, depending on size of country. Primary Electricity convention is not always consistent - may include hydro and nuclear, but may be specified in thermal equivalent. sometimes hydro is included in renewable electricity – sometime as primary electricity

Energy Supply including imports/exports Energy Conversion Energy Industry Use Industrial Demand Transport Demand Other Energy Demand UK Aggregate Energy Balance Dukes (2009) PetaJoules ( PJ)

5 Simplified Aggregate Energy Balance from Table 1.1 Dukes (2009) Aggregate Energy Balance Tables Summarises overall situation for a country Specific Fuel Energy Balance Tables Covers more detailed split of energy and uses for that fuel PetaJoules (PJ) A B A* =A+B C D E F = A*+ C-D-E G H I J=G+H+I K = F-J CoalManu- factured fuel(1) Primary oils Petroleum products Natural gas(2) Renewab le & waste(3) Primary electricity ElectricityHeat Total UK Production , , ,408.1 Net imports1, , ,407.4 Net Energy Available1, , , ,815.5 Transfers Net Consumption1, , , ,810.2 Energy Conversion Inputs Outputs Net energy balance Energy Industry Use Transmission losses Delivered Energy Available Balance Check Energy Demand INDUSTRY TRANSPORT OTHER Final Consumption (Energy only) Non-Energy use

6 Simplified Energy Balance Tables Coal Manufactured fuel(1) Primary oils Petroleum products Natural gas UK Production , ,917.0 Net imports 1, ,009.5 Net Energy Available 1, , ,926.5 Transfers Net Consumption 1, , ,926.3 Renewable & waste(3) Primary electricityElectricityHeat Total UK Production ,408.1 Net imports ,407.4 Net Energy Available ,815.5 Transfers Net Consumption i.e. nuclear ,810.2 A B A* Transfers represent transfers between columns – e.g. Primary electricity is generally large scale renewables and nuclear, but the non- nuclear component is transferred as it is not involved in the energy conversion process in next section. i.e PJ is attributed to gross nuclear generation (i.e. before conversion), and 44.2 is transferred as renewables.

7 -ve quantities indicate inputs to conversion, +ve indicates outputs PJ of coal was used as input to conversion processes of which PJ (see box in full table) went to electricity production PJ of crude oil produced PJ of Petroleum products. Coal Manufactured fuel(1) Primary oils Petroleum products Natural gas(2) Net Consumption1, , ,926.3 Energy Conversion inputs outputs Renewable & waste(3) Primary electricityElectricityHeat Total Net Consumption ,810.2 Energy Conversion inputs outputs net energy balance Simplified Energy Balance Tables: Energy Conversion

8 Coal Manufactured fuelPrimary oils Petroleum products Natural gas Transformation [Energy Conversion] -1, ,688.53, ,430.1 Electricity generation -1, ,346.7 Heat generation Petroleum refineries ---3,688.53, Coke manufacture Blast furnaces Patent Fuels Energy Conversion Renewable & waste Primary electricityElectricityHeat Total Transformation [Energy Conversion] ,162.0 Electricity generation , ,979.3 Heat generation Petroleum refineries Coke manufacture Blast furnaces Patent Fuels PJ of coal went into electricity generation as did 35.9 PJ of coke, 41.4 PJ of oil, PJ of natural gas PJ of waste/biomass and 498.6PJ of nuclear equivalent. In total PJ were generated from thermal plants with an input of

9 Energy Conversion In 2008, PJ of coal went into electricity generation as did 35.9 PJ of coke, 41.4 PJ of oil, PJ of natural gas PJ of waste/biomass and 498.6PJ of nuclear equivalent. Total Input = PJ with PJ generated. Thus the overall thermodynamic efficiency of generation = / = 40.4% In the balance table 498.6PJ was nuclear input, actual amount of nuclear electricity generated = * = 201.6PJ Electricity use on stations = 58.7PJ (from full table) Overall station efficiency of fossil fuel plant allowing for station use = ( – 58.7 ) / = 38.67% Transmission Losses = 98.7PJ or 98.7/( ) = 7.68%

10 The supply of electricity is from thermal plants The total losses associated with the electricity industry = = So first order Primary Energy Ratio for electricity = /( – 162.1) = 2.81 assumes that the PER for coal, oil and gas is 1.0 Similar first order analysis gives a PER of 1.11 for oil. Using an iterative approach second order estimates are obtained as follows. However, what about fuel extracted overseas. This second order analysis assumes that the PERs in those countries are same as UK. Energy Conversion FuelPrimary Energy Ratio Coal Oil Gas1.062 Electricity2.911 Pumped Storage

Exercise on Energy Balance Tables Download the Electricity Balance Table Spreadsheet Using the following approximate carbon factors work out the overall carbon emission factor for the countries allocated to you: coal ~ 900 gms / kWh oil ~ 800 gms / kWh gas ~ 430 gms / kWh nuclear ~ 15 gms /kWh These factors vary according to efficiency of the plant and to some extent the actualgrade of the fuel.

12 Per capita Carbon Emissions UK How does UK compare with other countries? Why do some countries emit more CO 2 than others? What is the magnitude of the CO 2 problem? China

13

r Electricity Generation i n selected Countries

A more accurate estimate of emission factor in electricity generation Emission factor in electricity generation depends on: Carbon emission factor of burning fuel Efficiency of power station Transmission losses Example Japan Coal Japan in 2007 Gas derived from Coal processes Other Bituminous Coal Coke Oven Gas Blast Furnace Gas Basic Oxygen Steel Furnace Gas Unit kilotonnesTJ Total Transformation Electricity Plants CHP Plants Heat Plants tonne coal has a calorific value of GJ Data from IEA data base for Coal for Japan

A more accurate estimate of emission factor in electricity generation Coal Japan in 2007 Gas derived from Coal processes Other Bituminous Coal Coke Oven Gas Blast Furnace Gas Basic Oxygen Steel Furnace Gas Unit kilotonnesTJ Total Transformation Electricity Plants CHP Plants Heat Plants Total coal based products consumed in power stations = TJ Total Electricity generated GWH = TJ Efficiency of coal fired generation = / = 36.14% Transmission Losses 4.50% so overall efficiency = * = 34.51% If carbon factor for direct combustion is ~ 320 g/kWh Carbon factor for coal generation = 320/ = 927 g/kWh If efficiency ~ 30% then carbon factor would have been 1067 g/kWh Figures in Red from IEA data base for Electricity (Japan)