AMAAN ALI BS (HONS)

Hibernation Aestivation

Hibernation Hibernation is a time when animals ‘sleep’ through cold weather. This sleep is not like human sleep where loud noises can wake you up.

With normal sleep, the animal moves a little, has an active brain, and can wake up very quickly. With true hibernation, the animal appears dead. There is no movement and it takes a long time for it to wake up

When an animal begins to hibernate, its body temperature drops very low so that it almost matches the temperature outside. Your temperature is normally about 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. If you were a hibernator and it was 30 degrees outsid e

your body temperature would drop from 98.6 down to about degrees. The animal’s heartbeat and breathing slow down, too Hibernation may last several days or weeks depending on species, temperature, and time of year.

Hibernation in Amphibians The main way amphibians deal with winter's cold temperatures is to hibernate, Different amphibian species hibernate in different ways.

Example: The frogs that live in colder climates hibernate. Some dig holes or find cracks in logs or rock areas. Their heart beats and breathing slow down and their body temperature reaches close to the outside temperature. They have a lot of glucose in their bodies and it keeps them from freezing.

Some frogs hibernate under water. These don't breathe and get their oxygen from the water through their skin. Hibernation in Reptiles

Lizards live all over the world and are the largest group of reptiles. Most of them live in warm, tropical places. Not many of them live in cold climates. They live in places that are warm for at least part of the year. They are cold- blooded which means that their body temperature stays at about the same temperature as the air around them.

Even when lizards live in tropical places, nights can be too cold for them. In the fall, lizards in colder climates eat a lot of food like regular hibernators. They go into their underground burrows and sleep until it warms up again. They will come out of hibernation in February or March.

Hibernation in mammals

Bears do not go into "true hibernation". During a bear's winter sleep state, the degree of metabolic depression is much less than that observed in smaller mammals. The bear's body temperature remains relatively stable (depressed from 37 °C (99 °F) to 31 °C (88 °F)) and it can be easily aroused.

Aestivation Aestivation also known as "summer sleep", is a state of animal dormancy. It takes place during times of heat and dryness, the hot dry season, which is often but not inevitably the summer months.

Invertebrate and vertebrate animals are known to enter this state to avoid damage from high temperatures Aestivation in Invertebrates

Land snail commonly estivate during periods of heat. Some species move into shaded vegetation Others climb up tall plants, including bushes and trees, and will also climb man-made structures such as posts, fences, etc., to get away from the intense ground heat.

To seal the opening to their shell to prevent water loss, pulmonate land snails secrete a membrane of dried mucus called an epiphragm. Aestivation in vertebrates

In Reptiles Reptiles estivate in the middle of summer. Because they are cold- blooded, their bodies stay the same temperature as the air around them. If it is 40 degrees outside, their bodies are 40 degrees. If the air is 110 degrees, then their bodies are, too.

High temperatures plus lack of water make estivation the animal's only chance to survive in that climate. This is a way that animals adapt to the climate they live in. Example:- The crocodiles aestivate in Summer, "sleeping" through the dry season without feeding or emerging from the mud

in which they have buried themselves. It is said that they are able to "sleep" in this almost "lifeless" state for a whole year.

In Amphibian Some toads dig a burrow in the ground in order to escape dry, hot weather. They might put stuff like gel all around their burrow so that they lose less water. They estivate for 8-9 months until the rains begin again.

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