CHORDATA (an organism who has or had a notochord at least once in their life)

Ectothermic – body temperature is controlled by the outside environment Gills Fins Scales

Three classes: JAWLESS FISH –Notochord (underdeveloped spine) –No jaws –Cartilage skeleton –Smooth slimy skin –Ex. Lamprey

CARTILAGINOUS –Has jaws –Cartilage skeleton –Denticles – sharp tiny scales that can be found on any cartilaginous fish. –Oily liver (helps to stay afloat)

BONY FISH –Bones for a skeleton –Swim bladder – an organ in a bony fish that controls buoyancy –Lateral line – a sense organ that picks up on vibrations and pressure in the water and helps a fish with balance and navigation. –Ray finned

Ectothermic Smooth moist skin Double life METAMORPHOSIS – When an organism goes through a series of stages dramatically changing how it looks.

Three types –CAECILIANS No legs Looks like a worm or a snake Some are blind Some have bony scales

SALAMANDERS –Tail –Four strong legs –Found under logs or in damp woods

FROGS AND TOADS –Both have sticky tongue attached at the front of the mouth –Frogs Smooth moist skin Jump and spend more time in the water –Toads Drier bumpier skin walk

ECTOTHERMIC AMNIOTIC EGG –A hard shell holding young that provides nutrients and allows reptiles to live on land DRY SCALY SKIN

TURTLES and TORTISES –Turtles live in water some of the time (flippers or webbed feet) –Tortises live on land and have claws –Both have a shell that is the backbone

CROCODILES and ALLIGATORS –Carnivores –Eyes and nostrils on top of head –Care for eggs and young –Crocks – narrow pointed snout –Alligators – broad rounded snout

LIZARDS –4 legs –Carnivores –Warm habitat

SNAKES –Deserts to swamps –No legs, no eyelids, no ears –One lung –Jaw can separate

TUATARA –Ancient – hasn’t changed much in 225 million years – called a living fossil –Like cooler weather, live in New Zealand –Not lizards –Special teeth arrangement (one bottom row fits into two rows on the top) –Mate differently than lizards –Gland beneath skin on head that is a third eye »Used to get UV rays during first few months of life, then it covers with scales

ENDOTHERMIC – body temperature is controlled and regulated within the body HOLLOW BONES AMNIOTIC EGG FEATHERS –Contour feathers – outer layer that helps with flight and protects down feathers (water resistant with oil) –Down feathers – under contour feathers that are used for insulation

FLIGHTLESS –Penguin (flippers) –Ostrich – can reach 40 mph

WATER –Webbed feet –Ducks, geese

BIRDS OF PREY –Sharp claws –Pointed sharp beaks –Meat eaters Hawk, Eagle, Owl

PERCHING –Robins, Blue Jays, etc –Claws for clamping onto branches Prevents from falling off

ENDOTHERMIC FUR OR HAIR MAMMARY GLANDS –Glands that produce milk for the young

MONOTREMES –Lays leather shelled eggs –Licks milk from skin –Platypus and Echidna

MARSUPIALS OPOSSUM –Pouch –Babies are born twice, into the pouch after a few weeks very underdeveloped and then out of the pouch after several months Kangaroo Koala Wombat

PLACENTAL –Embryo develops in the uterus of the mother –Placenta provides nutrients