Kingdom Animalia

They are complex, multicellular organisms Their cells have a nucleus and organelles Their cells do not have a cell wall Most of them can move about freely from place to place They lack chlorophyll and obtain their food by feeding on the body parts of other organisms They have specialized systems for detecting the environment, movement and coordinating body functions

Classification of Animals Invertebrates (without backbone) Animals Vertebrates (with backbone)

Backbone/Vertebral Column

Invertebrates

Invertebrates The major groups of invertebrates are: Coelenterates/Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Ringed worms Arthropods Molluscs Echinoderms

Cnidarians (Coelenterates)

Cnidarians They have a soft, sac-like body with one opening forming the mouth and anus tentaclesstinging cellsThey have tentacles with stinging cells which can paralyze organisms They live in fresh or sea water Examples: jellyfish, coral, sea anemone and Hydra

Anemone Bubble Coral Hydra

Jellyfish

Flatworms

Flatworms flattenedThey have a long and flattened body Some are human parasites, which obtain nutrients from the human body Examples: tapeworm, liverfluke and planarian

Tapeworm Planarian Liverfluke

Roundworms

Roundworms cylindricalThey have a small, cylindrical body with two pointed ends unsegmentedTheir body is long and unsegmented Some of them are free living and some are parasites in plants and animals Examples: Ascaris and hookworm

Hookworm Ascaris

Ringed Worms

elongatedThey have an elongated body with segments chaetaeThey have chaetae (singular: chaeta), i.e. bristle-like hair, for movement They live in soil or water Examples: earthworm and leech

Chaetae

Earthworm Leech

Arthropods

Arthropods exoskeletonThey are protected by a hard exoskeleton jointedlegsThey have jointed legs Their body is divided into distinct regions made up of segments The number of types of arthropods in the world are more than the number of types of other animals put together

4 Groups of Arthropods 1)Crustaceans 2)Arachnids 3)Myriapods 4)Insects

Crustaceans antennaeThey have five or more pairs of jointed legs and two pairs of antennae (singular: antenna) They are mainly aquatic gillsThey use gills for gas exchange Examples: shrimp, crab, water flea, lobster and woodlouse

Lobster Crab WoodlouseShrimp

Water Flea

Arachnids They have four pairs of jointed legs They have no antennae They mainly live on land Their body is divided into two parts: head and abdomen Examples: spider, scorpion and mite

Spider Mite Scorpion

Myriapods They have a long and segmented body They have many pairs of legs They are terrestrial animals Examples: centipede (one pair of legs on each segment) and millipede (two pairs of legs on each segment)

Centipede Millipede

Insects thorax abdomenThey have clearly defined head, thorax and abdomen They have three pairs of jointed legs and two pairs of wings They have one pair of antennae compoundeyesThey have one pair of compound eyes They are the most numerous animals in the world Some insects undergo metamorphosis during their development from larva to adult stage Examples: butterfly, grasshopper, bee, beetle, dragonfly, cockroach and mosquito

Grasshopper Cocoon Mosquito Butterfly

Molluscs

Molluscs They have a soft and unsegmented body, usually with a hard shell protecting the body Most of them have a muscular foot Most of them live in water Examples: snail, clam, squid and octopus

Clam Snail OctopusSquid

Echinoderms

Echinoderms radially symmetricalThey have a radially symmetrical body (i.e. having a symmetrical arrangement of radiating parts about a central point) spinesThey have a tough skin which may be covered with spines They live in sea water Examples: starfish, sea urchin and sea cucumber

Sea Urchin Starfish Sea Cucumber

Vertebrates

Vertebrates The major groups of vertebrates are: Fish Amphibian Reptile Bird Mammal

Fish

Fish scalesThey have a moist skin covered with scales

Fish scales – for protection

Fish scalesThey have a moist skin covered with scales They are aquatic vertebrates gillsThey use gills for gas exchange streamlinedThey have a streamlined body, which reduces water resistance during swimming They have fins for swimming and maintaining balance in water

Fish They lay eggs in water

Fish eggs

Fish They lay eggs in water poikilothermsTheir body temperature changes with the environment, i.e. they are poikilotherms Examples: shark, eel, goldfish and sea horse

Eel Goldfish Angel Fish Shark Sea Horse

Amphibians

Amphibians They have a “naked” and moist skin TadpolesTadpoles, the young stage of amphibians, are fish-like and live in water. The adults are partly aquatic and partly terrestrial Tadpoles have gills for gas exchange whereas the adults may use the skin, mouth and lungs for gas exchange

Amphibians They have two pairs of limbs with five digits each in the adult stage for movement They lay eggs in water They are poikilotherms Examples: frog, toad and salamander

Frog Toa d Salamand er

Reptiles

Reptiles They have a dry, hard skin covered with scales Many live on land They have lungs for gas exchange They lay eggs enclosed in a hard shell on land They are poikilotherms Examples: lizard, snake, tortoise and crocodile

Lizar d Lizar dSnake Tortoise Crocodile

Dinosaurs – The Terrible Lizards Brachiosaurus Tyrannosaurus

Birds

Birds Their skin is covered with feathers They have two pairs of limbs: the forelimbs are modified to form a pair of wings for flying Most of the birds can fly but some cannot, such as penguins and ostriches They have no teeth. Their jaws are pointed and form a beak They have lungs for gas exchange

Birds They lay eggs enclosed in a hard shell on land The parents look after their young homoiothermsThey maintain a constant body temperature, i.e. they are homoiotherms Examples: swallow, penguin, owl, duck, ostrich, robin and pigeon

Owl Bird Eggs Duck

AnteaterPlatypus Kangaroo Koala Bear

Classification of Vertebrates Vertebrat es ReptilesFish Amphibia ns Lungs Feather s Cannot control their own body temperature Can control their own body temperature Beaks Mammar y glands Scales Fins Gills Eggs Slimy skins, no scales 4 limbs Gills (Larvae) Lungs (Adult) Eggs Shelled- eggs Lungs 4 limbs Dry scales Birds 2 limbs + 2 wings Lungs Shelled- eggs Mamma ls Hairs 4 limbs Born alive

What bird is the biggest in the world???

OSTRICHES!!! The ostrich is the biggest bird in the world. It can weigh up to 300 lbs!! Ostriches are rapid runners – they can attain a speed of about 65 km/hour. Ostriches also lay the biggest eggs among the birds. An ostrich egg is about 3.3 pounds and is the size of a baby’s head. FYI, one ostrich egg can make an omelet for 10 people!!!!!

Mammals

Mammals They have hair on their skin They have lungs for gas exchange Their young develop inside the mother’s body and are born alive mammary glandsAfter birth, the young are fed by milk from the mother’s mammary glands The parents look after their young

Mammals They have highly developed brains They are homoiotherms and have a well- developed system for regulating the body temperature Examples: giraffe, dog, lion, dolphin, kangaroo, panda, cat, wolf and human

Primitive Mammals They lay eggs instead of giving birth to the young alive Some of them carry their eggs in pockets/pouches in the abdomen When the young are hatched from the egg, they are fed by milk produced in the mother’s mammary glands Some pouched mammals do not lay eggs, but their young are born in a very immature state and need to be carried inside the mother’s pouch immediately after birth for further development They are found mainly in Australia