Science Focus Lesson Week 2 Elementary Science Science Focus Lesson Week 2 Polk County Public Schools Linda Vendur, Senior Coordinator

Week 2 – SC.F.1.2.3 How are living things alike and different? Benchmark: The student knows that living things are different but share similar structures. Essential Question: How are living things alike and different? Vocabulary: mammal vertebrate amphibian invertebrate reptile photosynthesis

Plants Are Living Things Parts of a Plant Basic Plant Needs Water Soil Sunlight Space to grow Air Photosynthesis Plants use energy from the sun to make their own food. Plants have leaves, stem, roots. Plants reproduce with seeds (flowers, cones, fruits) or spores. Plants Are Living Things

Photosynthesis Energy From sun Leaf Cell Carbon Dioxide Oxygen Glucose (Sugar) Inside each leaf cell are tiny green structures called chloroplasts. The green color comes from a substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll captures the energy in sunlight. The plant’s roots take in water from the soil. Water travels to the plant’s leaves. The leaves take in carbon dioxide from the air. The chloroplasts use the sun’s energy captured by chlorophyll to combine water and carbon dioxide. This produces a kind of sugar called glucose. Glucose is the plant’s food. Make sure students understand that plants are unique in that they can make their own food as described above. Animals, including humans, are dependent upon plants for food. Water Photosynthesis is the process of using the energy in sunlight to produce food.

Summarizing In your Science notebook answer the question. What are some ways plants are alike and different? Possible answers… Alike – roots, stems, leaves, photosynthesis, need water, some sunlight, all reproduce, etc. Differences – reproduce in different ways (cone, flowers, fruits, spores), different sizes, different size leaves, different colors, live in different climates, grow in different soils, some have thorns, etc.

Animals Vertebrates Invertebrates Animals that do not have a backbone. Animals that have a backbone. Mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish and birds Invertebrates Animals that do not have a backbone. Jellyfish, worms, starfish, crabs, insects , spiders

Can you name some… Mammals? Reptiles? Amphibians? Fish? Birds? How do you know which group an animal belongs to?

Characteristics of Vertebrates – Chart 1 Mammals Reptiles Amphibians Fish Birds Hair or fur Feathers Scales Smooth, moist skin X Lungs Gills Most can fly

Characteristics of Vertebrates – Chart 2 Mammals Reptiles Amphibians Fish Birds Live on land Live in water and in water X* X Young in water Adult on land Live birth Lay eggs Nurse young with milk Point out that while many mammals go in water, very few actually live in water. You may want to pint out that while reptiles, amphibians, fish and birds all lay eggs, their eggs have very different kinds of shells. * Some mammals live in water, such as whales and manatees.

Summarizing Answer the question in your Science notebook. What are some ways animals are alike and different?

Animal Classification Bird? Amphibian? Mammal? Animal Classification Fish? Classify these vertebrates into the correct group. whale snake eagle Frog elephant turtle owl mouse catfish shark rat vulture penguin lizard stingray alligator tuna blue jay toad salamander manatee Be able to explain how you decided to classify each animal. Reptile?

Animal Classification Mammal Reptile Amphibian Bird Fish whale snake frog eagle catfish elephant turtle toad owl shark mouse lizard salamander vulture stingray rat alligator penguin tuna manatee blue jay Which group do you belong to?

Summary Question Describe two ways in which plants and animals are different. Then describe two ways in which they are similar.

Animals or Plants? Animal Which cannot make their own food? Which takes in carbon dioxide and gives off oxygen? Plants Both Which can reproduce? Which needs water to live? Both Which takes in oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide? Animals Which are made of many cells? Both

1. Which of the following describes a way plants are different from animals? A. Plants have structures for reproduction. B. Plants have structures for growth. C. Plants are made of cells D. Plants have structures for producing food. Answer is D. Students should understand both plants and animals have structures for reproducing and growth. They are both made of cells…plant cell have a cell wall and animal cells do not. Only plants can make food. Animals depend on plants for food. The food chain starts with the sun’s energy and the producers (plants).

How are cats and owls alike? A. They are mammals. 2. Allison could hear animals in her backyard. When she looked out her window, she saw a cat and an owl.   How are cats and owls alike? A. They are mammals. B. Their eyes are blue. C. They both breathe air with lungs. D. Their fur keeps them warm. Answer is C. Mammals, reptiles, and adult amphibians all have lungs to breathe with. Fish and young amphibians have gills to breathe with. Cats and owls are both vertebrates, but only the cat is a mammal. Of course, mammals have hair or fur and a bird has feathers.

Summarizing Answer the Essential Question for this lesson in your Science notebook. Essential Question: How are living things alike and different? Plants Animals