HDTV and beyond (Material provided by Hans Hoffman) Elena Puigrefagut puigrefagut@ebu.ch ITU Regional Seminar ‘Transition to Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting and Digital Dividend’ Budapest, 06 November 2012

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Definition of HDTV ITU-R BT. 709: 3h viewing distance h ITU-R BT. 709: „ A high definition system is a system designed to allow viewing at about three times the picture height, such that the system is virtually, or nearly, transparent to the quality or portrayal that would have been perceived in the original scene or performance by a discerning viewer with normal visual acuity.“

Migration to HDTV is unavoidable Why and how to migrate to HDTV HDTV offers a new experience of audiovisual content – increased perception of reality Flat panel displays are available at affordable prices – SDTV pictures do not have an acceptable quality in flat panel displays Consumer compares with HD-DVD or Blue Rays and moves to broadcasters providing high quality content – Competition! Countries with good economic situation have already migrated or have already planned to do so in coming few years. Migration to HDTV is unavoidable Both production (studios) and distribution parts are to be migrated In production, it is recommended to start by the studios and do news room at a later stage Upconverted HDTV (from SDTV) should only be the exception (archives) Once you have HDTV content, start migrating in distribution

What does HDTV require? In production: New HDTV equipment (cameras, infrastructures, etc.) – Investment! New production workflows In distribution: A new video compression format (HDTV requires more bandwidth) - Spectrum requirement!) MPEG-4 H.264 DVB-T2? DVB-T? HEVC (H.265) In the home: An HDTV display and a HDTV set top box (if not integrated in the display) – Investment!

HDTV formats (1) 720p/50 and 1080i/25 are the most used Difference in the spatial resolution (number of pixels)

HDTV formats (2) 720p/50 and 1080i/25 are the most used Difference in the temporal resolution (number of frames per second) half frames (fields) transmitted per second containing only 540 lines 50 full frames (fields) transmitted per second containing 720 lines 720p/50 offers double the number of full frames per second than 1080i/25: detailed motion rendition and increased sharpness of moving scenes

Full HDTV 1080p/50 is an evolutionary technology: Uses good spatial resolution of 1080i/25 Uses the good temporal resolution of 720p/50 but Uncompresed bit rate is double of 1080i/25 – it requires 3G SDI infraestructures

Full HDTV – Status 1080p/50 In production: - 1080p/50 is an mature and fully standarised technology Broadcasters deployment today is very limited Equipment is still expensive It requires higher bit rate thus more storage and network loads In distribution and in the home: With H.264/AVC coding similar bit rates than 1920x1080i/25 will be required, in future with HEVC less bit rate than today’s HDTV almost all new flat panel displays with HDMI 1.3 interfaces and the HDTV 1080p label can display 1080p/50 Increased image quality perceived only with larger screen sizes or shorter viewing distances Minority of set-top-boxes are able to decode 1080p/50

Spectrum requirements for HDTV Suggested data rate for one programme, for different formats, using H.264/AVC source coding (estimated in a few years time): Format Source coding Video data rate (Mbit/s) Programme associated data (Mbit/s) Total data rate for one programme (Mbit/s) SD H.264/AVC 1.80 0.85 2.65 HD – 720p/50 7.00 7.85 HD – 1080i/25 7.50 8.35 HD -1080p/50 10 10.85 Number of programmes per multiplex for a fixed MFN, Fixed SFN and portable SFN mode with DVB T2 and statistical multiplexing (codec performances in a few years time): Number of programmes per multiplex Fixed MFN DVB‑T2 Fixed SFN DVB‑T2 Portable SFN DVB‑T2 SD H.264/AVC 18 16 12 HD – 720p/50 6 5 3 HD – 1080i/25 HD – 1080p/50 4 2

Beyond HDTV

1920 1080 HDTV – Television Frame Rates, 50/60

3840 2160 UHD-1 – Television Frame Rates, 50,60, 120 Hz

4096 2160 4k – Digital Cinema Frame Rates 24, 48,

7680 4320 UHD-2 – Television Frame Rates, 50,60, 120 Hz

Beyond HDTV - Status - 4K screen will come into the market. Production not ready yet - 8K UHDTV systems are expected to start 2017-2020 in Korea and Japan Use the footer for the presentation title

‘‘ The staircase to quality heaven...’’ 8k (16 x HD Ultra HD 2) 4k (Ultra HD1) 8k Ultra HDTV Progressive Higher Frame rate? More colours? Higher Contrast? 3DTV Multiview ? Transition to 1080p/50 (full HD) Immersive Quality 4k Progressive Higher Frame rate? More colours? 3DTV Two normal HDTV images ? Transition SDTV to HDTV HD Master Format 1080p/50 Progressive 3DTV Two normal HDTV images Legacy HDTV 1080i/25 & 720p50 Stereo 3DTV two ½ HD images Transition analogue to digital DIGITAL Standard TV 625 –lines 1990s 2004 2011 ….2016…. …202x

Starting HDTV: Decisions to be made What HDTV format in production? 720p/50 or 1080i/25 now 1080p/50 in near future What format for sound? multichannel (surround sound) audio What infrastructure for real time? HD-SDI or 3G-SDI (1080p/50 future proof) File based production What distribution format? 720p/50 or 1080i/25 (EBU recommended 720p/50) What distribution coding? MPEG-4 H.264 What distribution platform? Start satellite then cable, DVB-T/T2, IP

EBU documentation Recommendations EBU Statement R112 – 2004 Strategic documents HDTV in Europe from 2009 Technical Documents Tech Report 005: Information Paper on HDTV Formats Tech 3299: HDTV Production Formats HD Studio Video Compression: EBU BPN 76-81 series HD Distribution codec tests: EBU BPN 85..87 series Tech Report 003: Advice on HD infrastructure Tech 3333: HDTV Receiver Guidelines Tech Report 010: 3DTV Tech Report 014: what follows HDTV

Thank you for your attention! Elena Puigrefagut E-mail: puigrefagut@ebu.ch Web: www.ebu.ch tech.ebu.ch