HH APiPi PiPi PiPi The protons are combined with the electrons and oxygen…. O

APiPi PiPi PiPi ….to form a molecule of water O HH

APiPi PiPi PiPi In the absence of oxygen, there is a build up of hydrogen atoms HH HH HH HH HH HH

APiPi PiPi PiPi The NADH/H + and FADH 2 will not be reoxidised as they will no longer be able to release the Hydrogen they are carrying HH HH HH HH HH HH H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+

APiPi PiPi PiPi HH HH HH HH HH HH H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ HH NAD

APiPi PiPi PiPi This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. HH HH HH HH HH HH H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ HH NAD

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis.

The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H + directly in animals

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H + directly in animals

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H + directly in animals HH+H+ NAD

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H + directly in animals HH+H+ NAD

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H + directly in animals HH+H+ NAD

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H + directly in animals HH NAD

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The pyruvate accepts hydrogen atoms from the NADH/H + directly in animals and forms lactic acid. HH NAD

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. A considerable amount of energy is trapped in the lactic acid. HH NAD

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. In plants the pyruvate is first decarboxylated to release CO 2

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. In plants the pyruvate is first decarboxylated to release CO 2 C O O

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. In plants the pyruvate is first decarboxylated to release CO 2 C O O

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. In plants the pyruvate is first decarboxylated to release CO 2 C O O

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H + and forms ethanol C O O

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H + and forms ethanol C O O HH+H+ NAD

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H + and forms ethanol C O O HH+H+ NAD

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H + and forms ethanol C O O HH+H+ NAD

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H + and forms ethanol C O O HH+H+ NAD

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. The 2C intermediate accepts the hydrogen atoms from NADH/H + and forms ethanol C O O HH+H+ NAD

This means that respiration cannot proceed beyond the first stage – glycolysis. A considerable amount of energy is trapped in the ethanol C O O HH+H+ NAD

In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid: Glucose

In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid: Glucose pyruvate

In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid: Glucose pyruvate lactic acid

In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid: Glucose pyruvate lactic acid In plants the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide

In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid: Glucose pyruvate lactic acid In plants the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide Glucose

In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid: Glucose pyruvate lactic acid In plants the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide Glucose pyruvate

In animals the pyruvate is converted to lactic acid: Glucose pyruvate lactic acid In plants the pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide Glucose pyruvate ethanol + CO 2