The 4 Macromolecules of Life

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Presentation transcript:

The 4 Macromolecules of Life

1 - Carbohydrates Contain ONLY carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Main source of energy Include mono-, di-, and polysaccharide Examples: sugars (cellulose, fructose, sucrose, etc.) starches (potatoes, bread, rice, pasta, etc.) End in “ose” Plants and some animals use for structural purposes C6H12O6 Glucose monomer (monosaccharide) Starch polymer (polysaccharide)

2- Proteins Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and NITROGEN Made of long chains of amino acids Control rate of reactions, Regulate cell processes, Form bones & muscles, Part of cell transport, Help fight disease Enzymes Amino Acid monomer Protein polymer

3 - Lipids Mostly carbon, hydrogen with some oxygen Used to store energy Helps animals conserve heat Examples: Fats, oils, waxes, butter Important parts of biological membranes & waterproof coverings - Made of 1 glycerol & fatty acids Lipid polymer Fatty Acid monomer polymer

4 - Nucleic Acids Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, NITROGEN, and PHOSPHOROUS Polymers made from monomers called NUCLEOTIDES, which is made of a 5 carbon sugar Phosphate group Nitrogenous base Nucleotide monomer DNA polymer Store and transmit genetic info Examples DNA & RNA (our heredity) ATP (our energy molecule)

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