DNA AND RNA ARE MADE UP OF SMALLER MONOMERS CALLED: Nucleotides
THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF DNA IS TO: Store & Transmit Genetic Info
A NUCLEOTIDE IS MADE UP OF: Sugar, Phosphate, Base
FOLLOWING THE RULES OF BASE- PAIRING, WHICH BASES MUST MATCH UP IN DNA? A & T, C & G
THE BACKBONE OF DNA IS MADE OF WHICH 2 SPECIFIC COMPONENTS? Deoxyribose Sugars, Phosphate
THE TWO SCIENTISTS THAT WERE CREDITED WITH ESTABLISHING THE STRUCTURE OF DNA ARE: Watson & Crick
WHO WAS THE SCIENTIST THAT DISCOVERED THE AMOUNT OF A=T AND THE AMOUNT OF C=G? Chargaff
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF RNA? (YOU HAVE TO BE SPECIFIC) Messenger, Transfer, Ribosomal
WHERE IS DNA FOUND? Nucleus
THE TYPES OF BONDS FOUND BETWEEN THE BASES IN DNA ARE: Hydrogen Bonds
GENES CONTAIN INSTRUCTIONS FOR ASSEMBLING WHAT? Proteins!!!
WHAT IS THE TERM USED WHEN NEW DNA IS MADE? Replication
WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN REPLICATION? SEE NEXT SLIDE…
STEPS IN REPLICATION 1.Unwind 2.Unzip- (by breaking hydrogen bonds b/t bases) 3.Add complementary nucleotides to each side 4.Two new identical strands of DNA
AT THE END OF REPLICATION, THERE ARE 2 IDENTICAL STRANDS OF DNA-EACH WITH ONE OLD STRAND AND ONE NEW…WHAT IS THIS CALLED? Semi-Conservative
DURING DNA REPLICATION, THE STRAND: GATCCG WILL PRODUCE A STRAND WITH WHAT BASES? CTAGGC
WHAT IS THE SERIES OF THREE LETTERS ON DNA CALLED? Triplet
WHAT IS THE “TRIPLET” ON mRNA CALLED? Codon
WHAT ARE THE TWO STEPS IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS? Transcription & Translation
PROTEINS ARE MADE UP OF: Amino Acids
THE PROCESS BY WHICH mRNA IS MADE IS CALLED: Transcription
WHERE DOES TRANSCRIPTION TAKE PLACE? Nucleus
COMPLETE TRANSCRIPTION: ACT AGG TAC UGA UCC AUG
IN RNA, ADENINE (A) IS COMPLEMENTARY TO WHICH BASE? Uracil, U
WHERE ARE PROTEINS MADE? Ribosome
TRANSFER RNA IS LIKE AN “INTERPRETER” BECAUSE IT CARRIES WHAT TO THE RIBOSOME? Amino Acids
THE tRNA KNOWS WHICH AMINO ACID TO CARRY BECAUSE IT READS WHAT? mRNA codon
WHICH TYPE OF RNA CARRIES THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING PROTEINS? mRNA
WHAT IS A RIBOSOME MADE UP OF? rRNA & protein
AMINO ACIDS ARE BONDED TOGETHER WITH WHICH TYPE OF BOND? Peptide
THIS IS A PICTURE OF: Messenger RNA
WHAT ARE THESE PICTURES? rRNA (and ribosome), tRNA
ALL CODONS FOR LYSINE: AAA, AAG
HOW DO YOU KNOW WHERE TO BEGIN MAKING A PROTEIN? Start codon—AUG
AMINO ACIDS FOR: AUG CCC AAA GUA UAG Start-Proline-Lysine-Valine-Stop
ALL CODONS FOR SERINE: AGC, AGU, UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG
AMINO ACIDS FOR: AUG CCC GUA UAG Start-Proline-Valine-Stop
Transcription
Start codon
Amino Acid
Nucleus
mRNA
tRNA
anticodon
translation WHAT IS THIS PROCESS CALLED?