Info Graph on Biomolecules

Carbohydrates -Monosaccharides- Single Sugars -Disaccharide- Two Sugars -Polysaccharide- Multiple Sugars Monosaccharides -Glucose -Fructose -Galactose Isomer- same molecular form and different structures Sucrose- Made from glucose and fructose Lactose- Made from glucose and galactose Maltose- Made from glucose and glucose Plants get starch, animals get glycogen

Proteins -Made from hydrogen, and oxygen -Very important to the structure of cells and organisms -body has thousand of proteins -Proteins are polymer-strings of monomers put together from amino acids -Amino Acids have 2 side groups - Amino group, 1 nitrogen, 2 hydrogen- -Carboxyl group -Peptide Bond -Covalent bond between 2 acids, a protein can hold 2 amino acids

Lipids A lipid is an organic compound composed of fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. Contain twice as much energy per gram as carbohydrates and proteins. Unsaturated fats are lipids at room temperature. Lipids don’t dissolve in water.

Enzymes Enzymes are proteins that act as a catalysts and do stuff – Have a specific shape – Have an active site – What comes out is that product – What comes in the enzyme are the reactions – Lowers the activation energy and speeds up the reaction Enzymes can be stopped during denaturation, if the enzyme is heated, it changes shape, or if the pH changes it can change the shape of the enzyme. Or during competitive inhibitor which just stops the whole reaction from occurring.

Buffer A buffer is a substance which has a highly stable pH. It has the ability to incraese or decrease the pH of an object to make it as normal as possible.

Biomolecules 2 or more different atoms combined in different proportions is a compound. Monomers are single units and polymers are monomers linked together. Both enzymes and catalyst speed up reactions A change in temperature will change the shape of an enzyme Carob has 4 potential bonds: Oxygen has 2 potential bonds: Nitrogen has 3 potential bonds: Hydrogen has 1 potential bond. 1 glucose and 1 fructose makes up sucrose, 1 glucose and 1 galactose make up lactose, 2 glucoses make maltose. Proteins are polymers formed from amino acids.

Water Water is a highly polar molecule Water is able to moderate Earth’s climate. A covalent bond is formed between water molecules. 4 hydrogen bonds are formed for each water molecule.