11 10/7/2015 Arena Viruses Hugh B Fackrell Filename: Arena.ppt

22 10/7/2015 Arena Viruses l Structure l Classification l Multiplication l Clinical manifestations l Epidemiology l Diagnosis l Control Baron’s Web Site Baron’s Web Site

33 10/7/2015 EM of Arenavirus l Pleomorphic –120 nm l “Sandy” –dense 20 nm particles

44 10/7/2015 Structure of Arenavirus l Enveloped l RNA –linear or circular –2 strands –negative strands

55 10/7/2015 Arena Virus Replication + mRNA + ssRNA - ss RNA Virus RNA transcriptase

66 10/7/2015 Reservoir l Pet hamsters l Rodent breeding facilities l Wild Rodents l Virus spread from rodents by urine and feces. –contaminate food or water. l rodents do not acquire disease

77 10/7/2015 Arena in Humans l humans are an accidental host. l aerosol transmission is suspected in human to human. l human transmission occurs because the virulence of the virus has been increased due to the multiplication in a human host. l sudden eruption of the disease is due to the lack of exposure. l disease is acute in humans.

88 10/7/2015 Diseases l Lymphocytic choriomeningitis l Argentinean Hemorrhagic fever l Bolivian Hemorrhagic fever l Lassa Fever CDC Arenavirus factsheet

99 10/7/2015 Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus l found in house mice - world wide. l incubation days. l most asymptomatic or have mild “cold” symptoms. More severe headache, confusion, photophobia, listlessness, apathy, may have more severe neurological symptoms. In all cases the disease is short lived and not fatal.

10 10/7/2015 Hemorrhagic Fevers l much more severe and often fatal. l incubation days. l 2-4 days increasing fever - progressive malaise.

11 10/7/2015 Argentinian Hemorrhagic Fever l causes mild hepatitis l farm workers at risk. l death rate is 15-20%.

12 10/7/2015 Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever l causes mild hepatitis l farmworkers at risk. l death rate is 15-20%.

13 10/7/2015 Lassa Fever l discovered in Nigeria, Africa. l found in wild rodents in Nigeria, Liberia and Sierra Leone.

14 10/7/2015 Lassa Fever Symptoms l the most serious of the four human arenavirus infections. l mild cases survive and may go undetected. l causes severe hepatitis l Hemoconcentration and elevated SGOT levels usually mean death. l The death rate among severe cases is 30-60%.

15 10/7/2015 Index case l reported in a nurse. l highly infectious. Two attending nurses contracted the disease. One recovered, the second was saved by the passive transfer of the antibodies of the one who recovered.

16 10/7/2015 DONE!!!