Personality Theory

Bell Activity 5/8/2013 Wanted: Sales Manager Established self-starter Willing to accept responsibility Ability with creative staffing solutions Highest quality services Team Player Interpersonal skills College degree required Experience preferred 1.) What type of personality traits are requested in the ad? 2.) Why might these traits be useful for a sales manager? 3.) In your own words define personality 4.) Work on Vocabulary for chapter 14 Learning Targets: At the end of class you will be able to- -Describe the purposes of personality theories -List major schools of Personality Theory -Explain Freud’s concepts of personality

Purpose of Personality Theory Provides a way of organizing the characteristics you know about yourself and others. Personality theorists try to determine whether certain traits go together, why some people have certain traits and not others. Explain how people conduct their lives, and then how to improve life.

Major Schools of Personality Theory Psychoanalytic theory (Freud and followers) Behaviorism Social learning theories Cognitive theorists

Sigmund Freud & the Unconscious First to suggest that the unconscious has a powerful influence over our personality. “Freudian slips” are not “slips” at all-they conveyed something about our personality Developed structural concept of the mind to explain how the mind functions: Id, ego, superego.

Sigmund Freud & the Unconscious Id-contains the instinctual and biological urges. Wants immediate gratification regardless of consequences. Ego- Mostly conscious, forms during 2 nd and 3 rd years, rational, tries to meet the demands of the id and superego in socially acceptable ways. Superego- Moral part, high ideals, source of guilt. -Id and Superego are in conflict all of the time. -If the Id is not satisfied the person is angry etc, if the superego is not obeyed the person feels guilt. Id, Ego and Superego Explained

Id, Ego and Superego You are on an overnight hike with a group of friends when a rainstorm suddenly hits. Everyone’s food is destroyed in the downpour except one friend who wrapped her food in a plastic stuff sack. As night arrives, you are very hungry. You notice that your friend has wandered away from her backpack. Part of you wants to steal her food-you need it for energy but another part of you says the action is morally wrong. What will you do? Assignment: -Read the scenario to the right -create a cartoon (comic strip style) showing the three-part dialogue between the id, ego and superego as they argue about how to resolve this issue. -Remember, the id, ego and superego must represent the ideas of Freud’s theory -You must have at-least 5 “boxes” in your comic strip.

Bell Activity 5/9/2013 Learning Targets: At the end of class, you will be able to- Apply Freud’s personality theory List defensive mechanisms Describe behavior theories 1.) List two purposes of studying personality 2.) According to Freud, what is the moral, guilty part of our subconscious? 3.) What differences exist between first-born children and last-born children? 4.) What job do you think would best fit your personality? Explain?

Id, Ego and Superego Cookie Monster Explain the roles of the id, ego and superego in the clip

Defense Mechanisms Read about Freud’s theories of defense mechanisms on page Create a Diagram showing the different mechanisms. Be sure to explain each defense mechanism and include an example of each.

Defense Mechanisms Freud believed the ego subconsciously protected itself against unpleasant circumstances Include rationalization, repression, denial, projection, reaction formula, regression, displacement, sublimation

Defense Mechanisms Rationalization: Making up acceptable uses for behaviors to justify our actions Repression: “Pushing” painful thoughts or memories into our subconscious Denial: Refusing to accept reality

Defense Mechanisms Projection: Inner feelings are projected onto other people Reaction formula: Replacing an unacceptable feeling with an opposite one Regression: Going back to an earlier pattern of behavior

Defense Mechanisms Displacement: When you can not take out on the source of your frustrations, you take it out on someone else Sublimation: Redirecting an unacceptable desire and turning it into a socially acceptable desire

Defense Mechanisms: Assignment Groups will be assigned one of the defense mechanisms and will need to create a short (2-3 minute) skit to illustrate the mechanism All group members must be involved in the skit!

Bell Activity 5/10/2013 Learning Targets: At the end of class you will be able to -Apply Freud’s defense mechanisms -Describe the behaviorist, cognitive, humanistic and self theories of personalities. -Describe differences between siblings 1.) A student has a fight with her boyfriend right before class. When she gets to class, she is upset and is rude and disrespectful to the teacher. Which of Freud’s defense mechanisms is being exhibited here? 2.) Which of Freud’s defensive mechanisms is described as “burying” painful experiences in the subconscious? 3.) What does the quote “to thine own self be true” mean to you? Test on Tuesday; Vocabulary due on Monday

Before we get started… Get a piece of the colored paper provided by Mr. P. Pick your favorite teacher, staff member, administrator at PCHS Write them a short note telling them how much you appreciate them and their impact on your life. Fold it and put their name on the outside (so I know who to deliver it to!). Obviously not a required assignment but your teachers will really appreciate it. TRUST ME!!

Freud Followers; Neo- Freudians…..Other Psychoanalysts Carl Jung: Believed in collective unconscious which is inherited instincts, urges and memories. -Also developed idea of archetypes which are common experiences of humanity regarding motherhood, fatherhood, war, nature, etc.

Freud Followers; Neo- Freudians…..Other Psychoanalysts Alfred Adler: Driving force in people’s life is to overcome feelings of inferiority; inferiority complex (Napolean) Erich Fromm: People have need to belong Karen Horney: Importance of anxiety in development of personality Erik Erikson: Importance of socialization (psychosocial) in personality development

Behavioral Theory Believe focus should be on observable behavior (not unconscious) B. F. Skinner: Radical Behaviorism Focused on cause of a behavior/ less concerned with understanding behavior but on predicting it and controlling it. Contingencies of Reinforcement-What conditions are maintaining (rewarding) the behavior?

Behavioral Theory (Continued) Very popular approach because it is action oriented Alfred Bandura: Social Learning Theories Personality is acquired by both reinforcement (Skinner) & observational learning/imitation. Most effective models are the ones that are most similar and admired by the observer.

Cognitive Theory Based on analysis of our own mental activity George Kelly: Ignores the unconscious motives/drives/emotions and instead focuses on our perception of ourselves and our environment. We get our cues for how to act based on our anticipation or prediction about our world. Kelly believes we are masters rather than victims of our destiny.

Humanist Psychology Emphasizes personal growth and achievement of maximum potential All humans strive for self actualization Lead by Maslow: studies were based on healthy people with some emotional difficulty but are very productive and enjoy life. Shared traits of self-actualized individuals: -Perceive reality accurately -Accept themselves -Problem centered vs. self-centered

Self Theory (Also part of Humanism, BTW) Promoted by Carl Rogers People suffer from conflict between what they value in themselves and what other people value in them. “Self”=your image of who you are developed over years of watching how people react to you. “To thine own self be true” Must be open to all feelings, thoughts and experiences to become fully functioning

Siblings Read the article and answer the questions According to studies, what are the personality differences of first-born, middle-born and last- born children? Do you agree with the findings of the research? Explain. How should parents deal with these different personalities.