STRESS and TRAUMA The role of yoga, meditation, mindfulness in the healing process.
“Nature has instilled in all animals, including humans, a nervous system capable of restoring equilibrium. When self- regulating function is blocked or disturbed, trauma symptoms develop...” Peter Levine (Foundation for Human Enrichment, 2007)
Common feature shared by all ptsd syndromes Fatigue, fainting Shortness of breath, Palpitations, Headache, dizziness, Excessive sweating, Disturbed sleep, Difficulty in concentration Forgetfulness
5 Stress Hormone Systems Norepinephrine – “revving up” hormone Cortisol – “quieting down” hormone Both hormones are released in response to stress. They are normally in balance.
(Foundation for Human Enrichment, 2007)
Structural changes Lower average volume in the hippocampal region Structural changes in the amygdale
8 HPA Axis Alterations PTSD Major Depression Cortisol levels LowHigh Glucocorticoid receptors Increased Decreased Dexamethasone Hypersuppression Nonsuppression Negative feedback Stronger Weaker CSF CRF levels Increased Increased
Avoidance is one of the main symptoms of PTSD, and it can take years to seek help.
TREATMENT
11 Treatment Components Coping skills Medication Psychotherapy Alternative therapies
12 Alternative therapies Art therapy Somatic therapies/bodywork Acupuncture Yoga Tai Chi Religious/spiritual practices Virtual reality