Comparing the Layers of Earth

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Presentation transcript:

Comparing the Layers of Earth S6E5.a.

Earth’s layers are compared by: Temperature Density (the thickness or depth of the layer) Composition What each layer is made of or how it is described

Which is the outermost layer? THE CRUST Temperature: Temp of the air outside to 1600 °F Density: 5km – 70km thick

The Crust: What’s it made of? 2 types of crust: Oceanic – mostly basalt rocks The thinnest crust Continental – mostly granite rocks The thicker crust

What do you find on Earth’s crust? Rocks Mountains Soil Water What else???

Where the Crust ends and the Mantle begins is an area called the MOHO Discontinuity. 1909: Andrija Mohorovicic discovers the moho discontinuity, which is the boundary between Earth’s crust and mantle.

Next is the Mantle… Mantle Temperature range: From 1600 °F to 6700 °F Density of the WHOLE Mantle = 2867 km! Let’s break it apart!

The Mantle Made of 3 distinct areas: Lithosphere Asthenosphere Lower Mantle

Mantle’s Lithosphere Density = approx 100 km Composition: Rigid layer Rocky like Crust “Lithos” means “Stone” Unique? Made up by part of the Crust!

Mantle’s Asthenosphere Density = 300 km Composition: Plastic-like Solid, but softer “Asthenes” means “weak” Unique? Makes the plates move! Because it’s slowly flowing.

Lower Mantle Density = 2467 km Composition: Solid Unique? Semi-rigid

 Gutenberg Discontinuity Where the Mantle ends and the Outer Core begins is an area called the GUTENBERG DISCONTINUITY

Outer Core Temperature = 6700 °F to 7800 °F Density = 2266 km Composition: Liquid, Molten Metal (Fe & Ni)

What makes the Outer Core unique? Creates Earth’s magnetic field High temps from the formation of the planet keep the Iron (Fe) & Nickel (Ni) liquid

Inner Core Temperature = 7800 °F to 13000 °F HOTTEST LAYER!!! Density = 1216 km Composition: Dense, solid metal ball of Fe & Ni!

What’s unique about the Inner Core? Extreme pressure squeezes the atoms of the Fe & Ni so much, they cannot spread out! Stays solid!