Components of Earth

Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Spaceship Earth Closed System Resources are limited

Why is earth so favorable for life? Distance from the sun (Temp range) Size of the planet (Gravity)

What sustains life on earth? Earth’s 4 spheres help support organisms Atmosphere Hydrosphere Geosphere Biosphere

Hydrosphere Atmosphere Biosphere Geosphere

Geosphere

Composition of Earth Crust, mantle, core Crust - 1% Earth’s mass thinnest layer Mantle - layers beneath the crust Core - innermost layer

Structure of the Earth Four layers Lithosphere Asthenosphere Outer core Inner core

Structure of the Earth Lithosphere (outer layer) crust and uppermost part of the mantle divided into pieces called tectonic plates Earthquakes (Ritcher Scale)

Asthenosphere Outer core Inner core Solid layer of rock beneath the lithosphere Flows very slowly allowing tectonic plates to move an top of it Outer core Dense liquid layer Inner core dense mostly made up of metals iron and nickel

Atmosphere Nitrogen (makes up the majority), oxygen, carbon dioxide Insulates the Earth’s surface reducing the rate that Earth loses heat

Concentration of gases and particles are constantly changing Gases and particles are pulled towards the Earth by gravity becoming densest by the Earth’s surface

4 Layers of the Atmosphere Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere

Troposphere Closest to the Earth’s surface Weather occurs in this layer of the atmosphere Temperature decreases as altitude increases. (Particles become further apart)

Stratosphere Located above the troposphere Ozone layer, O3 High temp absorbs the sun’s UV energy, warms the air reduces the amount of radiation that reaches the Earth’s surface High temp

Mesosphere Lies between the stratosphere and the thermosphere It is the coldest layer of the atmosphere

Thermosphere Layer farthest from the Earth’s surface Nitrogen and oxygen absorb solar radiation causing them to become electrically charged can produce radiant energy (light) known as the aurora borealis.

Energy in the Atmosphere Sun’s energy can be transferred by; radiation convection conduction

Convection Conduction Radiation Heat travels across space and in the atmosphere Conduction Heat from a warmer object flowing to a colder object when in direct contact Convection Heat transfer by currents (Hot air rises, cold air sinks

Movement of Energy in the Atmosphere Air is constantly moving Troposphere currents of lighter air warmed by the Earth’s surface rise into the atmosphere The currents of heavier air (cooler) sink towards the ground. The rise and sink pattern of air creates a circular current known as convection current.

Greenhouse Effect Trapped gases heat the Earth natural process that keeps the environment at temperatures in which life can exist When these gases known as greenhouse gases become abundant water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide a thicker insulating layer forms trapping in more heat

Hydrosphere

Water; % Fresh? % Salt? % Ice? Do you know? ·  Includes all of the water on or near the Earth’s surface Water; % Fresh? % Salt? % Ice? Do you know?

Earth’s Oceans Important role in regulating our world’s environment Absorbs over half the solar radiation

Biosphere Abiotic and Biotic Factors Uppermost part of the geosphere, most of the hydrosphere, and lower part of the atmosphere

Ecosystems (Sun) One – way flow of high – quality from the sun Energy is lost as heat through process Warms atmosphere Evaporates and recycles water Generates winds Supports plant growth

Cycling of Matter Fixed supply of nutrients are continually recycled Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium

Ecosystem Components Life exists in biomes and aquatic life zones Category given to regions of the world where the plant and animal life are defined by the region’s climate Temperature Precipitation Savannas, deserts, tropical rain forests, alpine, temperate, arctic, taiga

Population Limiting factors Resources Law of tolerance too much or too little of abiotic factor Nutrients, precipitation, temperature

Biological Components Producers Consumers Biodiversity

Producers Autotrophs Make their own food

Consumers Heterotrophs Feed on other organisms Omnivores Carnivores Herbivores Detritivores

Food Chain VS Food Web

Feeding levels Trophic levels Producers are the lowest level Primary consumers Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer and so on 10% rule, 90% energy lost as heat, growth, reproduction