Figure 9.0 Orangutans eating

Figure 9.1 Energy flow and chemical recycling in ecosystems

Figure 9.x1 ATP

Figure 9.2 A review of how ATP drives cellular work

Figure 9.3 Methane combustion as an energy-yielding redox reaction

Figure 9.4 NAD+ as an electron shuttle

Figure 9.5 An introduction to electron transport chains

Figure 9.6 An overview of cellular respiration (Layer 1)

Figure 9.6 An overview of cellular respiration (Layer 2)

Figure 9.6 An overview of cellular respiration (Layer 3)

Figure 9.7 Substrate-level phosphorylation

Figure 9.8 The energy input and output of glycolysis

Figure 9.9 A closer look at glycolysis: energy investment phase (Layer 1)

Figure 9.9 A closer look at glycolysis: energy investment phase (Layer 2)

Figure 9.9 A closer look at glycolysis: energy payoff phase (Layer 3)

Figure 9.9 A closer look at glycolysis: energy payoff phase (Layer 4)

Figure 9.10 Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, the junction between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle

Figure 9.11 A closer look at the Krebs cycle (Layer 1)

Figure 9.11 A closer look at the Krebs cycle (Layer 2)

Figure 9.11 A closer look at the Krebs cycle (Layer 3)

Figure 9.11 A closer look at the Krebs cycle (Layer 4)

Figure 9.12 A summary of the Krebs cycle

Figure 9.13 Free-energy change during electron transport

Figure 9.14 ATP synthase, a molecular mill

Figure 9.15 Chemiosmosis couples the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis

Figure 9.16 Review: how each molecule of glucose yields many ATP molecules during cellular respiration

Figure 9.17a Fermentation

Figure 9.17b Fermentation

Figure 9.x2 Fermentation

Figure 9.18 Pyruvate as a key juncture in catabolism

Figure 9.19 The catabolism of various food molecules

Figure 9.20 The control of cellular respiration

Figure 10.0 Sunbeams

Figure 10.1 Photoautotrophs

Figure 10.2 Focusing in on the location of photosynthesis in a plant

Figure 10.3 Tracking atoms through photosynthesis

Figure 10.4 An overview of photosynthesis: cooperation of the light reactions and the Calvin cycle (Layer 1)

Figure 10.4 An overview of photosynthesis: cooperation of the light reactions and the Calvin cycle (Layer 2)

Figure 10.4 An overview of photosynthesis: cooperation of the light reactions and the Calvin cycle (Layer 3)

Figure 10.x1 Melvin Calvin

Figure 10.5 The electromagnetic spectrum

Figure 10.6 Why leaves are green: interaction of light with chloroplasts

Figure 10.7 Determining an absorption spectrum

Figure 10.8 Evidence that chloroplast pigments participate in photosynthesis: absorption and action spectra for photosynthesis in an alga

Figure 10.9 Location and structure of chlorophyll molecules in plants

Figure 10.09x Chlorophyll

Figure 10.10 Excitation of isolated chlorophyll by light

Figure 10.11 How a photosystem harvests light

Figure 10.12 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP and NADPH (Layer 1)

Figure 10.12 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP and NADPH (Layer 2)

Figure 10.12 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP and NADPH (Layer 3)

Figure 10.12 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP and NADPH (Layer 4)

Figure 10.12 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP and NADPH (Layer 5)

Figure 10.13 A mechanical analogy for the light reactions

Figure 10.14 Cyclic electron flow

Figure 10.15 Comparison of chemiosmosis in mitochondria and chloroplasts

Figure 10.16 The light reactions and chemiosmosis: the organization of the thylakoid membrane

Figure 10.17 The Calvin cycle (Layer 1)

Figure 10.17 The Calvin cycle (Layer 2)

Figure 10.17 The Calvin cycle (Layer 3)

Figure 10.18 C4 leaf anatomy and the C4 pathway

Figure 10.19 C4 and CAM photosynthesis compared

Figure 10.20 A review of photosynthesis