CHRISTIAN ALLIANCE S C CHAN MEMORIAL COLLEGE PHYSICAL EDUCATION PANEL THEORY ON PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING SPORTS PERFORMANCE

1.Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System 2.Musculo-skeletal SystemMusculo-skeletal System 3.FlexibilityFlexibility 4.Other FactorsOther Factors PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING SPORTS PERFORMANCE

1.Cardiovascular System Blood circulation  nutrients and oxygen are transported in the blood to various body parts  carries away waste products e.g. carbon dioxide, water

1.Cardiovascular System During Prolonged Exercise  the heart pump harder (increase in stroke volume)  the heart pump faster (increase in frequency) increase the blood circulation and deliver more oxygen to the muscles.

1.Cardiovascular System 1.1 The Circulatory System Heart  Arteries  Capillaries  Veins  Heart

1.Cardiovascular System The heart rate increases during exercise, being directly related to the intensity of the works performed. Heart Rate(min) Rest Submaximal Exercise Maximal Exercise

1.Cardiovascular System 1.2Along with the pumping of an increased amount of blood during exercise, there is a RE-DISTRIBUTION of the blood flow so that the working muscles receive a greater portion of the total blood volume.

1.Cardiovascular System  VO 2 Max is influenced by size ---- the uptake of oxygen per kg of body weight (ml/kg/min)  Higher value of VO 2 Max >>> Better Cardiovascular Function 1.3 Maximum Oxygen Uptake (VO 2 Max)  the number of litres of oxygen that the individual can consume in 1 minute of maximal exercise

1.Cardiovascular System 1.4Ways of Improving the System  Frequency : 3 – 4 times per week  Intensity : 60 % or above of Max HR (Max HR = 220 – Age)  Duration : 20 minutes or above for large muscle exercise

1.Cardiovascular System 1.5Test of Cardiovascular System  Step Test  Distance Run  Ergonmeter  Treadmill  Others

2.Musculo-Skeletal System 2.1Muscle Fibre Types : RED --- Endurance To a certain extent, hereditary determined. WHITE --- Explosive

2.Musculo-Skeletal System 2.2Definition : Muscular Strength --- amount of work done by muscles in a single maximal contraction Muscular Endurance --- ability of the muscles to work for long period at submaximal level.

2.Musculo-Skeletal System 2.3Ways of Improving the System  Frequency : 3 – 5 times per week  Intensity : 1 – 4 RM for strength; 20 – 30 RM for endurance  Duration : Under 6 times for strength; Over 20 times for endurance

3.Flexibility 3.1Terminolgy Static Flexibilty - restricted use of a joint Dynamic Flexibility - free use of a joint through the full range of movement, without resistance to the movement

3.Flexibility 3.2Development of Flexibility 2. Passive Stretching - stretching carried out by external force 1. Active Stretching - limb slowly stretched to a fully extended position and held in that position for 10 seconds or more

3.Flexibility 3.3Test of Flexibility Sit and Reach Test

5.Other Factors Affecting Sports Performance 1.Body Composition 2.Age 3.Gender 4.Heredity 5.Environment 6.Growth and Development

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