1 NPOESS SafetyNet: Creation of a new worldwide network In the GHz Earth Exploration Satellite Service Band David G. Lubar Raytheon Company September 17, 2009 Copyright © 2009 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved. Customer Success Is Our Mission is a trademark of Raytheon Company. SafetyNet is a Trademark of Northrop Grumman Space Technology.

2 Earth and Space Observation Earth and Space observations providing the U.S. and the international community with fast, accurate global environmental data is the primary mission of NPOESS –Improving weather forecasts and warnings –Benefiting society with diverse applications –Increasing recognition of long-term climate changes NPOESS will help provide the major satellite-based components of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) –GEOSS is a large international cooperative effort bringing together valuable ground and space environmental data to benefit mankind –76 government members and 56 intergovernmental organizations

3 National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Background The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) will greatly improve the frequency, resolution and accuracy of observations –Decreased data product latency NPOESS latencies will be <30 minutes Current polar systems have latencies of two to three hours –Increased volume of data products delivered to users 100X more data will be provided to the national weather centers and the national environmental data archive –Improved products based on improved sensors and better scientific algorithms Giving scientists more confidence in the weather and environmental results that are produced Equatorial Crossing Local Times NPOESS benefits national and international cooperation

4 NPOESS Spacecraft NPOESS will carry six primary sensors –Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) –Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) –Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) –Microwave Imager/Sounder (MIS) –Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) –Space Environment Monitor (SEM) They will provide data to the NPOESS ground processing system that will produce nearly 40 different Environmental Data Products (EDRs)

5 NPOESS Concept of Operations Fully integrated to meet driving data latency requirements Flexible, scalable, modular architecture throughout Extensive Command Control and Communications heritage from proven operational programs Enterprise Management ensures high system availability Dual use of software for IDPS and FTS reduces cost and risk Full data processing capability at each central

6 NPOESS SafetyNet

7 SafetyNet Architecture Blank Network Router Firewall Network Router Firewall GPS Time Ref Unit Ground Station Computer Display/Keyboard MultirateWideband Data Receiver Power Panel Avtec PTP-EX Globally distributed ground receptors (16 receptors in 15 locations) achieve NPOESS data latency requirements –Receptors located at physically secure fiber network entry points –Receive mission data automatically per MMC contact schedules Data routed from receptors to Centrals –Cost-effective secure Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) between NPOESS facilities –Supplemented by satellite communications for Antarctic region

8 NPOESS SafetyNet Ground Network SafetyNet is a Trademark of Northrop Grumman Space Technology. Worldwide Fiber Optics communications make rapid delivery of NPOESS data possible 15 locations, 10 countries Full motion to track polar satellite Ka-Band frequency Receive-only Autonomous operations Receptors at fiber entry points with timely data delivery Leverages high bandwidth commercial fiber, cost effective delivery

9 SafetyNet Locations around the Globe Antarctica Australia Brazil Chile India Japan New Zealand Norway (Svalbard) Spain South Africa USA – 5 sites

WORLDWIDE SPECTRUM CONSIDERATIONS IN THE EESS BAND: FREQUENCY ALLOCATION TABLES 25.5 – 27 GHZ 10

Australia Australia has authorized this band for auction, in support of terrestrial services, under spectrum licensing regime 11 Column 1: ITU Radio Regulations Table of Allocations Column 2: Australian Table of Allocations Region 1Region 2Region – 27EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) 536B FIXED MOBILE SPACE RESEARCH (space-to-Earth) 536C Standard frequency and time signal- satellite (Earth-to-space) 536A 25.5 – 27 EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth) FIXED INTER-SATELLITE 536 MOBILE SPACE RESEARCH (space-to-Earth) Standard frequency and time signal- satellite (Earth-to-space) 536A AUS 87

Australian Spectrum Australia has subdivided the country into market areas for terrestrial use of the GHz band Spectrum in part of this band failed to sell at an auction held in 2000 Frequencies authorized for auction are authorized for Spectrum Licenses under Australian regulations Otherwise Apparatus licenses are issued to license holders either a) outside of bands designated for auction or b) with special circumstances approval for those within bands designated for auction. 12 Source: ACMA documents

Brazil Brazil is creating a suitable service in this band to support Earth Exploration Satellite Services. Band is currently allocated and destined to support fixed services. 13 Column 1: ITU Radio Regulations Table of Allocations REGIÃO 2 BRASIL ENTRE SATÉLITES EXPLORAÇÃO DA TERRA POR SATÉLITE (espaço para Terra) 5.536B FIXO MÓVEL PESQUISA ESPACIAL (espaco para Terra) 5.536C Freqüência Padrão e Sinais Horários por Satélite (Terra para espaço) 5.536A 25.5 – 27 ENTRE SATÉLITES EXPLORAÇÃO DA TERRA POR SATÉLITE (espaço para Terra) 5.536B FIXO MÓVEL PESQUISA ESPACIAL (espaco para Terra) 5.536C Freqüência Padrão e Sinais Horários por Satélite (Terra para espaço) 5.536A B8

Chile Chile has allocated this spectrum primarily for terrestrial usage, with EESS as a secondary service 14 Chile 25.,5 – 27,00 FIJO MOVIL Expolration de la Tierra por satelite (espacio - Tierra) Frecuencia parton y senales horarias por satelite (Tierra – espacio) Source: Plan General de Use Del Espectro Radioelectrico SUBTEL

India EESS is co-primary with Terrestrial, SRS and ISS Footnote acknowledges EESS 15

Japan Japan does not license receive-only terminals Typically protection is derived from the transmitter authorization Nationwide allocation exists for two terrestrial service providers of WiPAS, Wireless IP Access System –WiPAS often is used to extend existing optical systems for broadband applications using 26 GHz wireless Ideal scenario is to locate where the natural terrain provides some attenuation to fixed signals

New Zealand New Zealand has sold the management right for this spectrum for 20 years to private party, who has the authority to sell spectrum management sub-rights in designated portions of this spectrum Spectrum was originally intended for fixed service use for Wireless Local Loop / Local Multipoint Distribution Services Registered users of sub-rights will be recorded by the regulator in the national database 17 Note: POLDOCs are Policy Documents issued By the New Zealand regulator. Original intent of Radio Spectrum Auctions were to support LMDS and fixed services

South Africa South Africa includes a specific footnote in the Table regarding NPOESS licensing 18

Spain In Spain, a right of use for the public domain frequency spectrum, is granted as a spectrum concession The Cuadro Nacional Atribucion de Frecuencias includes Uses, by service. –EESS is coded R which is defined as use by the State through Public Administrations or by means of a concession 19

Svalbard Territory (Norwegian Sovereignty) Svalbard is a Territory, subject to terms of the Spitsbergen Treaty, signed February 1920 by over 40 signatories Norway has sovereign governorship of Svalbard EESS is secondary 20 BandNorwegian Allocation Norwegian Utilisation Remarks To Utilisation 25.5 – 26.5 GHzEarth Exploration-satellite Service (space-to-earth) FIXED Service INTER-SATELLITE Service S5.536 MOBILE Service FIXED ServiceRADIO LINK, T/R Annex B / GHz Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) ERC/REC/(00) – 27 GHzEarth Exploration-satellite Service (space-to- earth) S5.536B S5.536A FIXED Service INTER-SATELLITE Service S5.536 MOBILE Service

United States of America In the US, regulation is split between two regulators: Federal (US Dept of Commerce NTIA) and Non-Federal (Federal Communications Commission) Federal allocation is the same as the ITU International Table for 25.5 – 27 GHz 21

Spectrum Summary Creating a worldwide network of earth stations using common frequencies in many countries can be a challenging effort The amount of data necessary to downlink from an environmental satellite system requires significant bandwidth Understanding and navigating the spectrum regulations and rules of proposed countries is a complex undertaking 22